DD
MM
YYYY

PAGES

DD
MM
YYYY

spot_img

PAGES

Home Blog Page 3968

Not The Economist’s Fault, Nigeria Must Do More To Have Naira Believers

0

It is not The Economist’s fault not to be a believer that Naira will improve to N600/$ as the Nigerian government has posited: “The forecasted devaluation is considered a larger correction, resulting in an adjusted average exchange-rate forecast of N1,068.3:US$1, compared to the previous projection of N914.4:US$1.”

“We have revised our exchange-rate forecast to front-load a larger devaluation in 2025, to reflect a widening gap between the official and parallel-market exchange rates. We expect another attempt at exchange-rate convergence that year, meaning a larger correction.

“We have adjusted our average exchange-rate forecast for that year to N1,068.3:US$1, from N914.4:US$1 previously. As our forecast for continued currency losses over time has not changed, the projected rate is also now weaker for later years.

“A larger devaluation will have limited pass-through, given the size of the parallel market, but our forecast for average inflation in 2025 has been revised up by two percentage points, from 15.1% to 17.1%,” the EIU said.

Indeed, when you prefer foreign SUVs over local ones, etc, you do not provide any room for Naira believers. In 1979, Nigeria did not grant free cars to lawmakers. Then, if you could not afford a car, you take a loan from the government which must be approved by your bank.

Today, we have scaled the wrong mindsets and those are affecting the Naira. Yet, I am hoping that Nigeria is right and The Economist is wrong; we need Naira to strengthen because that is our own currency.

My response on timing: I am not sure I have written  taking a Long bet on the Naira. In investing, there is nothing like long or short, what matters is TIMING. That timing could be anytime. Naira fell N200 over a weekend when it rose N220 a weekend before, if you look at TIMING, you can still be good depending on when IN and OUT. So, “long bet” is not a strategy and I never recommend “long” just because it is longer!

Comment by user: In investing, taking Long position simply means the investor is optimistic, therefore, buying. Going short means investor is pessimistic, therefore selling. It’s not really about timing, though timing is important.

My Response: What is “long” for a recent college graduate may not be for a 76-year old man. In banking, the assets you recommend will vary because of many factors but dropping “long” is not wisdom. Optimism is not just for the asset movement, you must also consider the player.  That said, I never recommended any long bet on Naira.

User comment: I’m aligned with you Prof. Given the tribal nature of the country, it is unlikely that the people can forge any sensible leadership and governance model, or coalesce around any meaning aspiration / vision, which is the basis for optimism and turnaround. Until you begin to see those signs, hold your short positions.

Naira’s Official FX Rate Expected to Fall Further, Reaching N1,068.3/$1 by 2025 – EIU

1

The hope for the Nigerian naira to rebound to its pre-2015 rates appears increasingly unlikely, according to a new report by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

The financial firm’s country report for Nigeria predicts a further devaluation of the naira to N1,068.3/$1 by 2025, attributing this projection to continued currency losses stemming from the large size of the parallel market and the country’s low foreign exchange reserves.

The EIU report highlights a widening gap between official and parallel-market exchange rates, leading to an anticipated attempt at exchange-rate convergence in 2025. The forecasted devaluation is considered a larger correction, resulting in an adjusted average exchange-rate forecast of N1,068.3:US$1, compared to the previous projection of N914.4:US$1.

The report suggests that a larger devaluation may have limited pass-through, given the size of the parallel market.

“We have revised our exchange-rate forecast to front-load a larger devaluation in 2025, to reflect a widening gap between the official and parallel-market exchange rates. We expect another attempt at exchange-rate convergence that year, meaning a larger correction.

“We have adjusted our average exchange-rate forecast for that year to N1,068.3:US$1, from N914.4:US$1 previously. As our forecast for continued currency losses over time has not changed, the projected rate is also now weaker for later years.

“A larger devaluation will have limited pass-through, given the size of the parallel market, but our forecast for average inflation in 2025 has been revised up by two percentage points, from 15.1% to 17.1%,” the EIU said.

Nigeria has been grappling with the poor performance of the naira in the forex market for long, with the government’s efforts to stabilize the currency yielding little or no result. This backdrop has resulted in soaring cost of living, with inflation rising to 26.72 percent in September.

Recently, efforts by the government to boost FX liquidity in the country saw the naira rise above the N1,000/$1 threshold – selling as high as N920/$1 in the parallel market.

The development stoked hope of the naira’s rebound, riding on the wave of the government’s plan to secure a $10 billion loan that will be used to clear the backlog of its FX obligations.

However, the loan has not materialized and the naira is falling back to its previous rate of around N1250/$1. On Friday, the exchange rates stood at N1,099.986/$1 in the parallel market and N996.75 in the official market.

Though some financial institutions admitted that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has begun to clear outstanding matured FX forwards, the backdrop of the naira’s free-falling remains.

The EIU attributes the situation to insufficient liquidity, with a wide spread between official and parallel-market exchange rates reflecting the CBN’s reluctance to allow free access to hard currency.

The EIU said: “After brief consolidation in June, a wide (35%) spread between the official and parallel-market exchange rates has re-emerged, reflecting an ongoing reluctance by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to allow free access to hard currency, and resulting illiquidity in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM, the official window).

“Pressing harder on currency reform would therefore mean a hefty devaluation, crushing any pretence of petrol price deregulation (assuming that higher pump prices are a political red line) and stretching a fragile fiscal position.”

The country report indicated that the formal market will face challenges in meeting increased demand due to the recent removal of import restrictions on 43 commodities. Furthermore, it highlighted a lack of commitment from the authorities in implementing conventional monetary policies to tackle issues affecting the naira, such as significantly negative short-term real interest rates.

The EIU notes that a potential currency float may face challenges, as the CBN lacks the firepower to adequately supply the market or clear a backlog of foreign exchange orders. The EIU predicts sizable devaluations in 2025 or possibly sooner, resulting in a 38.5% loss against the US dollar over the year.

The EIU further notes that the lack of commitment to a market-led naira, coupled with high inflation and continued spread with the parallel market, will leave the exchange-rate regime unstable, leading to periodic devaluations.

The projected rate at the end of 2028 is N1,262.1:US$1, with a continuous spread expected with the parallel market.

DeFi: Features Of Work

0

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is based on public blockchains, which allow customers to conduct transactions with cryptocurrencies without the use of third parties, brokers, or banks.

DeFi covers all aspects of financial services and operations:

  • lending;
  • loans;
  • cryptocurrency trading.

All Internet users can interact with the ecosystem and manage assets using crypto wallets and dApps.

1inch is a universal access point to decentralized finance with a large set of tools for fast and convenient currency exchange. She analyzes many rates on different exchanges like DeFi Swap and comes up with the best options.

Why Do We Need A DeFi Ecosystem?

DeFi is a peer-to-peer system of financial instruments. It provides decentralized finance and eliminates the need for intermediaries and lowers barriers to entry.

DeFi applications and various services are potentially useful for residents of countries with underdeveloped or unstable economies. Keeping money in banks is very risky. But customers can use the DeFi app and other similar services to protect and protect their savings. DeFi services are also in demand in developed countries, with particular popularity in the following areas:

  • lending;
  • investment;
  • development of new models of obtaining passive income.

DeFi is a new step in the field of financial transactions, obtaining money in loans, investments, or lending. It helps to develop in a financial direction without the participation of third parties and control.

Features Of DeFi

The decentralized financial ecosystem has several features. The main distinguishing characteristics are:

  • Decentralization and self-government.

DeFi does not have centralized governance structures. The rules and protocols for conducting business transactions are specified in special smart contracts. Users cannot make adjustments due to which the transparancy  of transactions occurs. The DeFi app runs on its own. There is little or no human intervention.

Most DeFi applications have source code open for audit. This feature allows any user to control any transaction, make an audit, understand the contract functionality, and even identify a bug if there is one. Every transactional activity is public.

  • Cross-border.

Most DeFi applications are a unique financial access point. It has no borders.

  • Self-custody.

The DeFi ecosystem is inherently inclusive. Each user can create an application and use it for personal purposes. There are no dispatcher-controllers, and there is no need to fill out complex forms. Based on wallets, the user interacts with smart contracts and conducts the necessary transactions.

  • Customized approach for each user.

New DeFi applications can be created by combining them with other products: stablecoins, decentralized exchanges, prediction markets, and other options. A certain structure can be assembled from various combinations. Clients provide themselves with the opportunity to create comfortable conditions for working with cryptocurrencies.

Benefits Of DeFi

Decentralized finance experts have identified some benefits. The main advantages of DeFi are:

  • Decentralization is one of the main and important advantages. Control over each project is distributed evenly among many participants. Users can observe the absence of excessive regulation. All transactions are as transparent and fast as possible. Users are freed from a large chain of intermediaries when using DeFi. This feature is useful in many areas.
  • Governance of DeFi projects is managed thanks to smart contracts and voting. It is these programs that establish the rules. They create clear rules for every transaction and more.
  • The peculiarity of decentralized projects is to work on public blockchains. Data about each transaction is in an open soup.

Here are the main benefits that are typical for the DeFi ecosystem.

DeFi Profitable Farming

A user places cryptocurrency into a liquidity pool and earns rewards for this action. Tokens added to the pool facilitate swap transactions, with a portion of the swap fees being distributed as rewards to the liquidity providers.

Such encouragement is aimed at stimulating additional activity of users. Profitable farming contributes to the generation of passive income for users in the field of cryptocurrency.

Conclusion

Decentralized finance is a new step in the field of generating income from cryptocurrencies. The DeFi system is aimed at enabling users to carry out transactions without the participation of third parties. It allows you to get rid of bureaucracy and ensures the highest possible efficiency and speed.

They offer clients a wide range of tools and cryptocurrencies. Users can exchange, buy and sell coins, and receive passive income. A prime example is DeFi’s profitable farming. It is aimed at attracting new customers and liquidity the activity of users who already use the provided set of tools for transactions with coins.

Brief 8-day Window Opens Tomorrow for SEC; Vanguard Group Not Launching Bitcoin ETF

0

If you are a cryptocurrency enthusiast, you might want to mark your calendar for November 10th. That’s the date when the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) could potentially approve all 12 applications for spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) at once, according to Bloomberg analysts.

Spot Bitcoin ETFs are funds that track the price of Bitcoin directly, rather than through futures contracts or other derivatives. They are seen as a more efficient and transparent way to invest in the leading cryptocurrency, as they eliminate the need for intermediaries and reduce the risk of contango or backwardation.

Bloomberg analysts James Seyffart and Eric Balchunas wrote in a note on November 2nd that the SEC has an “unusual” opportunity to approve all 12 spot Bitcoin ETFs at once, due to a quirk in the regulatory process. They explained that the SEC has 75 days to review an ETF application after it is published in the Federal Register, and that it can extend this period by another 90 days if it deems necessary.

However, they noted that the SEC has not extended the review period for any of the 12 spot Bitcoin ETFs, which means that they will all reach their final deadlines between November 10th and November 18th. This creates a narrow window for the SEC to approve them all at once, rather than picking one or a few winners.

The analysts argued that this scenario would be beneficial for both the SEC and the crypto industry, as it would avoid creating an unfair advantage for any particular ETF provider, and it would also increase competition and liquidity in the market. They added that approving all 12 spot Bitcoin ETFs at once would also align with the SEC’s stated goal of fostering innovation and protecting investors.

The analysts acknowledged that this scenario is unlikely, given the SEC’s cautious stance on crypto regulation and its concerns about market manipulation, custody, and valuation. They estimated that there is only a 10% chance of this happening, and that it is more likely that the SEC will either reject all 12 spot Bitcoin ETFs or approve only one or a few of them.

However, they also pointed out that there are some positive signs that could indicate a more favorable outcome. For instance, they noted that the SEC has recently approved several Bitcoin futures ETFs, which could pave the way for spot Bitcoin ETFs. They also mentioned that the SEC has hired several crypto experts, such as Gensler’s senior advisor Corey Frayer and new director of trading and markets Alex Oh, who could help shape a more balanced and informed regulatory approach.

The analysts concluded that while the odds are low, the potential reward is high for crypto investors who are hoping for a spot Bitcoin ETF approval. They wrote: “We think this scenario would be a game-changer for the industry and send Bitcoin to new highs.”

SEC Chair Gary Gensler has expressed his concerns about the FTX crypto exchange, which has been accused of facilitating illegal transactions and violating securities laws. In a recent interview, Gensler said that he would not rule out the possibility of shutting down the exchange or imposing sanctions on its executives. He also suggested that the exchange could benefit from a change in leadership, as the current CEO, Sam Bankman-Fried, has been criticized for his lack of transparency and accountability.

Gensler’s remarks come amid a broader crackdown on the crypto industry by the SEC, which has been investigating several exchanges and platforms for potential fraud and manipulation. The SEC has also been working on developing a regulatory framework for crypto assets, which Gensler said would protect investors and promote innovation. He said that he welcomes legitimate crypto businesses that comply with the rules and cooperate with the regulators.

However, he singled out FTX as one of the most problematic exchanges in the market, citing its involvement in leveraged trading, derivatives, and tokenized stocks. He said that these products pose significant risks to investors and the financial system, and that FTX has not been forthcoming about its operations and compliance. He said that he has been in contact with Bankman-Fried, but that he has not been satisfied with his responses.

Gensler said that he hopes that FTX will change its practices and culture, and that he is open to working with a new leadership team that would be more responsible and responsive. He said that he believes that FTX has the potential to be a positive force in the crypto space, but that it needs to undergo a major overhaul. He said that he is prepared to take action against FTX if it does not comply with the SEC’s demands, and that he will not hesitate to shut it down if necessary.

US Treasury Official says President Biden’s admin wants new powers from Congress to crack down on crypto.

The US Treasury Department is seeking more authority from Congress to regulate the cryptocurrency industry, according to a senior official. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said that the Biden administration is concerned about the potential risks posed by crypto assets to the financial system and national security.

The official said that the Treasury wants to work with lawmakers to craft legislation that would give it more oversight and enforcement powers over crypto exchanges, wallets, stablecoins, and other related entities. The official also said that the Treasury is coordinating with other federal agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), to ensure a consistent and comprehensive approach to crypto regulation.

The official added that the Treasury is supportive of innovation and competition in the financial sector, but that it also has a responsibility to protect consumers, investors, and the integrity of the US dollar. The official’s remarks come amid growing scrutiny and interest from regulators and lawmakers in the crypto space. In recent months, the SEC has sued several crypto companies for allegedly violating securities laws, the CFTC has issued fines and warnings to crypto derivatives platforms, and Congress has held several hearings on crypto-related topics.

The Treasury has also taken steps to increase its involvement in the crypto sphere, such as issuing guidance on tax reporting requirements for crypto transactions, proposing new rules on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing for crypto transactions, and appointing a new director of the Office of Financial Innovation and Transformation, who will oversee the department’s digital strategy.

US SEC, Terraform Labs, Vanguard Group will not launch a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has launched an investigation into jump crypto, a leading decentralized finance (DeFi) platform, following reports that the company’s president had a secret deal with terraform labs, the company behind collapsed Luna crypto and UST stablecoin.

According to anonymous sources, the president agreed to grant terraform labs exclusive access to federal lands and resources for their ambitious project of terraforming Mars, in exchange for a large stake in jump crypto and its native token, JUMP.

The SEC is reportedly looking into whether jump crypto violated any securities laws or regulations, and whether the president and his associates engaged in insider trading or market manipulation by using their privileged information to profit from jump crypto’s meteoric rise.

Jump crypto is one of the most popular and innovative DeFi platforms, offering users various services such as lending, borrowing, trading, staking, and yield farming. It claims to be fully decentralized and governed by its community of token holders, who vote on proposals and changes to the protocol.

However, some critics have pointed out that terraform labs still holds a significant amount of JUMP tokens and has a disproportionate influence over the platform’s development and direction. They also argue that jump crypto’s ambitious vision of creating a decentralized financial system for Mars is unrealistic and risky.

Jump crypto’s price has soared in the past few months, reaching an all-time high of $15.76 on November 8, 2023. However, it plunged by more than 50% after the news of the SEC probe broke out, trading at $7.32 at the time of writing.

Neither the president nor terraform labs have commented on the allegations so far. The White House press secretary said that the president is focused on addressing the urgent issues facing the nation and the world, such as the pandemic, climate change, and cybersecurity. The SEC probe is expected to last for several months and could have significant implications for the future of jump crypto, terraform labs, and the DeFi industry as a whole.

Vanguard Group will not launch Bitcoin ETF due to intrinsic value concerns.

Vanguard Group, one of the world’s largest investment management companies, has announced that it will not launch a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) in the foreseeable future, citing concerns over the cryptocurrency’s intrinsic value.

In a blog post published on its website, Vanguard explained that it believes Bitcoin does not meet the criteria of a viable investment asset, as it lacks a clear and consistent valuation method, a reliable source of income, and a long-term track record of performance.

“Bitcoin is a highly speculative and volatile asset that is subject to extreme price fluctuations and regulatory uncertainties. It does not generate any cash flows, dividends, or interest payments, and its value is largely driven by supply and demand dynamics and market sentiment. Unlike traditional assets, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities, Bitcoin has no intrinsic value or underlying economic activity that can be used to assess its fair price,” the blog post read.

Vanguard also pointed out that Bitcoin ETFs pose significant operational and regulatory challenges, as they would require a robust and secure custody solution, a transparent and liquid trading platform, and a clear and consistent legal framework. The company stated that it does not see any compelling benefits of adding Bitcoin ETFs to its product portfolio, as they would not align with its long-term investment philosophy and objectives.

“Vanguard’s mission is to help investors achieve their financial goals by providing them with low-cost, diversified, and high-quality investment products and services. We do not believe that Bitcoin ETFs would serve this purpose, as they would expose investors to unnecessary risks and costs, without offering any clear advantages or diversification benefits. We remain focused on offering products that are based on sound investment principles and rigorous research, and that can deliver long-term value to our clients,” the blog post concluded.

How We Educate in Nigeria Right Now!

1

Good People, take a look at your undergraduate engineering department in Nigeria, it is possible your school has broken the departments into pieces, creating more departments. Why? The more the departments, the more funding allocations. Also, with more departments, you get over NUC (National Universities Commission) caps. 

In other words, for extremely popular departments like Electrical and Computer Engineering, you can get 4 departments, and that means instead of 100 students, you can admit 400 students! With those 400 students, the dean has more budgets, and the university gets more from the federal purse. Indeed,how we fund our universities affects our admission and recruitment strategies.

Then another College wll add “Education” at the back of those courses to have entirely new courses. So, you can have in one university Computer Science (in School of Science), Computer Engineering (in School of Engineering), Computer Education (in School of Education), Computer  Studies (in School of Humanities), Information Technology (in School of Science), Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (in School of Science), etc…you can keep going with more things broken.

Then check WAEC, there is nothing you will not see as a subject these days. In America, in the secondary school level, they have only 4 subjects – Mathematics, Language arts, Social studies, and Science and everyone does those. Yes, whether you are going to study engineering in MIT or Business Admin in Harvard, you will take the same subjects in secondary school, as someone going to study Political Science in Pitt.  (But in Nigeria, we break them into Arts, Science, Technology, etc.)

In most private schools in the US, they have additional language which means that Language Arts will include English and Spanish. The Social Science includes your Geography, Economics, Government, Commerce, etc lumped together. For Science, everyone does Physics, Chemistry, Biology!

Will WAEC introduce Social Media as a subject? Anything is possible these days as we continue the experimentation. Personally, I am not sure cannibalization is the right strategy! What made FUTO so appealing to me was the 3-in-1 degree (electrical & electronics engineering with specialization in electronics & computer engineering). Today, how many degrees can you get from it?

Mathematics is the science of numbers. Pythagoras said that the universe is nothing but numbers. If you connect both, mathematics helps you master the universe. We must put efforts to educate kids on Mathematics – Ndubuisi ekekwe