February 21 annually, the global community commemorates the International Mother Language Day. Hence, the 2022 edition is being marked today.

The day was proclaimed by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in November 1999. The theme of this year’s commemoration is “Using technology for multilingual learning”.

The date – February 21 – represents the day in 1952 when the Pakistani students who demonstrated for recognition of their native language, Bangla, as one of the two national languages of then Pakistan, were shot and killed by the police in Dhaka, the capital of what is now Bangladesh.

On 16th May 2007, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in its resolution called upon Member States to promote the preservation and protection of all languages used by peoples of the world.

By the same resolution, 2008 was proclaimed as the ‘International Year of Languages’, to promote unity in diversity and international understanding through multilingualism and multiculturalism.

A language can be defined as a system of sounds, written symbols, and/or signs used by the people of a particular country, geographical area, tribe, or status as the case may be, to communicate with each other. It can also be described as the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication.

There are several forms of languages in existence across the world, such as spoken language, sign language, computer language, and animal language.

Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between five thousand (5,000) and seven thousand (7,000). However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between official languages and local/mother languages.

Mother language or Mother tongue, which is also widely known as dialect or native language, is the indigenous language of one’s parents which is usually the first language learnt by him/her.

In the same vein, it is also referred to as the language of one’s ethnic group. Suffice to say that, one’s Mother tongue is an apparent indication of where he or she hails from.

Mother language is often regarded as one’s ‘first language’. Therefore by contrast, a second language is any language that one speaks other than his or her first/native language.

The Mother language is noted as ‘first’, because it is regarded as the most important language spoken by anyone due to its hereditary value as well as its cultural impact on the individual in question.

No doubt, Mother language or first language contributes immensely in a child’s personal, social, cultural, intellectual, educational and economic life.

Personal, in the sense that, a child’s first (native) language is critical to his or her identity; Social, in the sense that, when the native language of a child is not maintained, important links to family and other community members may be lost. Culturally, in the sense that, sustaining a child’s Mother Tongue would help the child to value his or her culture and heritage, which contributes to a positive self-concept.

Furthermore, the intellectual aspect of it is that, when students who are not yet fluent in their second/official language such as English or French, but have switched to using only the said official language, would have the tendency of functioning at an intellectual level below their age, thereby resulting in academic failure.

Educational wise, students who learn a second language and continue to develop their native language would have chances of higher academic achievement in later years than those who learn their second language at the expense of their first language.

More so, economically, there are available better employment or job opportunities in Nigeria and in the diaspora for individuals who are conversant with their official language as well as another language, probably a native language.

As Nigeria joins the global community to celebrate the International Mother Language Day, I call on every Nigerian, both home and abroad, to join in the ongoing crusade of promoting the significance of Mother tongue by acknowledging that Mother languages are the most powerful instruments required to preserve and develop their respective tangible heritages.

To this end, I also call on the National Assembly (NASS) to enact a law that would ensure every citadel of learning in Nigeria, ranging from primary to tertiary level, offers at least one native language relevant to the area or community where the institution is situated.

In addition, the proposed law ought to also mandate the various existing examination boards in the country including the West African Examination Council (WAEC), the National Examination Council (NECO), and the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), among others, to ensure the students compulsorily enroll as well as sit for the said native language or subject as it concerns their respective schools or the institution where they are seeking admission.

Indeed, considering the singular fact that Mother Language helps to create full and thorough awareness on cultural traditions coupled with its role in promotion of solidarity among members of any given community thereby uplifting the level of moral, social and intellectual values of our young ones, it’s of no gain reiterating that the ongoing crusade regarding uplift of various Mother languages is a task that awaits all and sundry.

If an institution like Oxford University could include Igbo Language in their Special Curriculum, you would agree with me that Mother Tongues are gradually gaining momentum in our everyday lives. 

In October, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) launched Nigeria’s digital currency eNaira, in an aim to counter the burgeoning influence of cryptocurrency that’s rapidly overshadowing the financial industry.

The CBN urged Nigerians to download and sign up to the eNaira as it’s designed to facilitate easy financial transactions, including cross-border transactions. The Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has racked up more than 694,000 downloads since it was launched. But in a country of over 200 million people, the number of downloads is meager. But that’s not all.

The International Monetary Transfer (IMF), in its ‘Nigeria Staff Report for the 2021 Article IV Consultation’, said the expansion of the use of the eNaira to cross-border fund transfers and agency bank networks could lead to new money-laundering and terrorism financing risks.

“Prospective expansion of eNaira use to cross-border fund transfers and agency bank networks may cause new money-laundering/financing of terrorism risks,” the IMF said.

The Washington-based financial body also pointed at other possible risks facing the digital app, including cyberfraud.

“There are cyber security risks associated with the eNaira. Unforeseen legal issues, including for private law aspects of its operations (e.g., the exact nature of legal relationship between the wallet providers and CBDC holders), may subject eNaira to litigation and operational risks,” it added.

The CBN launched digital currency in the aftermath of its ban on cryptocurrency, providing a government-backed alternative to a large section of Nigerians, who by their adoption of cryptocurrency, showed willingness to embrace digital transactions.

It was swift, compared to how long other countries like China worked on their CBDCs. Many are still trialing even though they started much earlier than Nigeria. The CBN started work on eNaira about mid-last year, and the CBDC was launched in October, taking only a few months – and it was never trialed. Nigeria thus became the first country in the world to launch digital currency.

While there are aspects of the eNaira applauded by the IMF, such as bank funding, the risks it pointed out put the digital currency’s chances of adoption under question. The CBN said part of the reasons it banned regulated financial institutions from dealing with cryptocurrency is because it is used to finance terrorism and facilitate money laundering.

It is a concern the eNaira has failed to address since according to the IMF, the CBDC poses the same risks and some others not yet observed. The international lender said there is need for vigilance to various risks, including monetary policy implementation, bank funding, cyber security, operational resilience, and financial integrity and stability, through regular risk assessment and contingency planning.

The CBN has repeatedly assured users of the credibility of the eNaira, and has also denied that it poses any risk. However, the IMF suggested a line of actions the apex bank should follow to address the risks.

“While preventive measures and the planned AML/CFT regulations for eNaira intermediaries are welcome, a money laundering/terrorist financing risk assessment of domestic and cross-border uses of eNaira and the adoption and implementation of the regulation along with putting in place risk-sensitive mitigation measures should be a priority,” the IMF said.