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The Race for 5G

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5G network, adaptable business model

By Sani Nahuche

5G is by and large understood as the fifth-age cell innovation that will unleash game-changing broadband access. The business affiliation 3GPP characterizes any framework utilizing “5G NR” (5G New Radio) programming as “5G”, a definition that came into general use by late 2018. Others may hold the term for frameworks that meet the necessities of the ITU IMT-2020. 3GPP will present their 5G NR to the ITU; it pursues 2G, 3G and 4G and their individual related advances (for example, GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced Pro, and so on).

5G systems are computerized cell systems, in which the administration region secured by suppliers is isolated into a mosaic of little land territories called cells. Analog signals representing sounds and images are digitized in the phone, converted by an analogy to digital converter and transmitted as a stream of bits. All the 5G remote gadgets in a phone convey by radio waves with a nearby receiving wire exhibit and low power computerized handset (transmitter and beneficiary) in the phone, over recurrence channels doled out by the handset from a typical pool of frequencies, which are reused in topographically isolated cells.

There are plans to use millimetre waves for 5G. Millimetre waves have shorter range than microwaves, along these lines the cells are restricted to littler size; The waves likewise have trouble going through structure dividers. Millimetre wave antennas are smaller than the large antennas used in previous cellular networks. They are only a few inches (several centimetres) long.

Another procedure utilized for expanding the information rate is gigantic MIMO (multiple input multiple output). 5G NR speed in sub-6 GHz groups can be somewhat higher than the 4G with a comparable measure of range and radio wires, however some 3GPP 5G systems will be slower than some progressed 4G systems, for example, T-Mobile’s LTE/LAA organize, which accomplishes 500+ Mbit/s in Manhattan.

The 5G specification allows LAA (License Assisted Access) as well but LAA in 5G has not yet been demonstrated. Adding LAA to an existing 4G configuration can add hundreds of megabits per second to the speed, but this is an extension of 4G, not a new part of the 5G standard. Speeds in the less common millimetre wave spectrum can be substantially higher.

5G wireless technology will have three major applications. First, 5G will be used for truly mobile connectivity, mainly by devices such as smartphones. Second, 5G will be used to connect “less mobile” devices, mainly 5G modems or hotspots: dedicated wireless access devices, small enough to be mobile, that will connect to the 5G network and then connect to other devices over Wi-Fi technology. Finally, there will be 5G fixed-wireless access (FWA) devices, with antennas permanently mounted on buildings or in windows, to start with, 5G will be utilized for genuinely portable network, for the most part by gadgets, for example, cell phones.

While, 5G will be utilized to interface “less portable” gadgets, mostly 5G modems or hotspots: committed remote access gadgets, little enough to be versatile, that will associate with the 5G system and afterward associate with different gadgets over Wi-Fi innovation home or business with broadband in place of a wired connection.

Timeline towards 5G [Source: Analysys Mason, 2014]
All four major U.S. transporters have pledged to commence or grow their particular 5G arranges in the coming year, and most real telephone producers are set to discharge their first 5G-empowered telephones. AT&T turned into the principal transporter to convey a portable, guidelines based 5G organize in late December, narrowly beating the end-of-the-year deadline the company set for itself.

AT&T will start selling a 15-gigabyte 5G data plan for $70 per month with the hotspot carriers have vowed to kick off or expand their respective 5G networks in the price at $499. The company has made deals to release one Samsung 5G phone in the first half of the year and another in the second half. Additionally, the carrier will expand the coverage area to seven more cities sometime in the first half of 2019.

AT&T is also working to rebrand what is technically its “4G LTE-A” service (LTE stands for long-term evolution and A stands for advanced) as “5G-E” (E for evolution) in close to 400 markets around the United States. That generally implies that AT&T supporters with the most recent Android gadgets will see another 5G pointer in the upper corner of their screens, yet execution won’t exactly coordinate the measures vital for 5G.

Verizon presented the nation’s first business 5G administration in October with its private bundle that is offered in four U.S. urban areas. Unlike AT&T’s mobile offering, the service is designed to beam into subscriber homes in place of a terrestrial internet connection, though it’s currently operating on a separate standard from the industry consensus for fixed 5G. Verizon’s Home service costs $70 per month or $50 per month for customers who also have mobile packages. Meanwhile, the nation’s biggest carrier is busily readying its mobile network for an early 2019 debut with its own hotspot device from ins ego and a deal with Samsung to offer a 5G phone sometime in the first half of the year.

Sprint is aiming for an initial rollout of its 5G network in seven cities in early 2019, with more markets to be added throughout the year. Like T-Mobile, the company is not primarily focused on millimetre waves, and its first offerings will instead operate on mid-band spectrum. The carrier is also planning to unveil its own HTC-branded hotspot at the beginning of 2019, an LG 5G smartphone in the first half of the year and a Samsung phone at some point throughout the year.

Any of these plans could change, however, depending on the outcome of the company’s merger bid. With an across the nation 5G rollout objective before the finish of 2019, T-Mobile isn’t searching for a no holds barred race with either contender. While AT&T and Verizon are building their 5G networks on so-called “millimetre waves”—high frequencies that carry more data but travel shorter distances and require many more antennas—T-Mobile is attempting to do so initially on more traditional low-band spectrum. The company passed a major hurdle toward this goal in November when it claimed to have broadcast the first-ever 5G signal on these lower frequency waves.

5G in automotive

Legere has touted this roadmap as a more broadly accessible path to 5G, since waves of lower frequencies tend to work better outside of dense, urban areas. “The different folks centre around 5G for the few, contacting only a couple of individuals in little regions of a bunch of urban areas,” Legere bragged in an ongoing explanation. Yet while each carrier is taking a different approach to the first leg of the 5G race, all four carriers have said that their fully completed networks should be able to broadcast across a range of spectrum bands.

The United States and China are hustling to work out fast 5G systems, and President Donald Trump doesn’t want America to come in second place. Last week, Trump acquainted activities with accelerate the rollout of new wireless systems over the U.S., saying “the race to 5G is a race America must win”. But experts say the U.S. still lacks a clear 5G strategy that goes beyond attacking Huawei, a Chinese tech giant and the world’s biggest supplier of telecommunications equipment. U.S. policymakers keep wringing their hands over a competition with China to build the world’s first mass-market 5G wireless network.

By 2022, fifth-generation cellular networks will power as much as 9% of mobile data connections across North America, compared with 4% in Asia. The generous work nations like China face as they race Western countries to construct the system. And they reflect early U.S. policies that put it in a strong position to lead, which makes networking technology.

Although the Asia-Pacific region will be home to more than twice the number of 5G devices in North America by 2022, it will account for a tiny share of the 422 million devices on 5G worldwide. North America will represent the biggest cut; the vast majority of the rest, about 6.5%, will originate from Western Europe. A head begin in 5G entrance could be basic for figuring out which nations get the opportunity to shape — and advantage from — advancements in applications, administrations and other monetary products of the innovation, as per arrangement investigators.

At the point when the United States led the pack on 4G portable innovation, it offered ascend to the application economy, which stays overwhelmed by U.S.- based firms today. The FCC, has proposed limiting federal funding to U.S. telecom companies that use Huawei’s hardware.

Policymakers worry that foreign manufacturers could secretly install spyware in their products that could allow other governments to eavesdrop on sensitive U.S. communications. Huawei’s founder on Tuesday rejected those claims as speculation in an interview with CBS. U.S. authorities state Chinese organizations like Huawei ought not to be permitted to work out the basic framework, for example, radio systems administration gear and programming, that will empower 5G.

They caution that Huawei gear could make an indirect access for the Chinese government to keep an eye on American systems. China sees 5G as its first opportunity to lead remote innovation advancement on a worldwide scale. European nations received 2G before different locales, during the 1990s; Japan spearheaded 3G in the mid-2000s; and the US ruled the dispatch of 4G, in 2011. Yet, this time China is driving in media communications instead of playing get up to speed.

The Chinese government sees 5G as urgent to the nation’s tech part and economy. Following quite a while of making copycat items, Chinese tech organizations need to turn into the following Apple or Microsoft—creative worldwide mammoths worth almost a trillion dollars. The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, an administration run research organization, evaluates that 5G will make in excess of 8 million occupations locally by 2030.

The organization thinks significant enterprises, including vitality and social insurance, will burn through billions of dollars all things considered on 5G gear and remote administration during that period. The report reverberated a released National Security Council archive that proposed the US government think about structure a 5G arrange. In the event that China overwhelms the broadcast communications organize industry, the archive stated, it “will win politically, monetarily, and militarily and the US economy will endure.

5G is set to have a profound effect on countries’ economic performance and GDP. In 2016, mobile technologies and services generated 4.4 percent of GDP globally, equating to about $3.3 trillion in economic value. This has been estimated to grow to over $4.2 trillion by 2020, or 4.9 percent of global GDP, as faster mobile connectivity continues to drive gains in productivity and efficiency.

Similarly, the GSMA found that mobile technologies and services generated 3.3 percent of GDP in Europe in 2017, with the continent’s mobile ecosystem responsible for 2.5 million jobs, too. Europe is the world’s most very entered provincial versatile market, with 465 million special portable supporters before the finish of 2017, around 85 percent of the populace. That GDP commitment is estimated to ascend to 4.1 percent by 2022, and with the first 5G dispatches expected in Europe by 2020, nations will look for influence the new versatile system to their general advantage.

The importance of the potential economic impact of 5G really shouldn’t be underestimated: the U.S. endeavoured to build up its place as a 4G pioneer, with the presentation of 4G versatile broadband adding $100 billion to the country’s GDP. The GSMA has forecast that 4G connections will comprise four out of five mobile connections in North America by 2020, higher than any other global region. But should the U.S. lose its situation as a world chief in remote, it will probably feel the impact as far as occupation misfortunes and innovation development being traded abroad. The economic benefits the U.S. enjoyed with its leadership in 4G would be gone.

Why Do Governments Pay Ransomware Payments?

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Baltimore is still spending money on the hacking mess which paralyzed some of the city’s operations: $10 million now approved to spend on the recovery. This is one benefit Nigerian governments (local, state and federal) enjoy: most of our computers are neither networked not fully Internet hooked. And even when linked to the web, they are slow for hackers to execute any action before the network times out!

Baltimore City officials approved using $10 million in excess revenue to cover the ongoing cost of the cyber attacks that immobilized some of the city’s systems almost two months ago.

WBAL reports the city’s estimates board approved the emergency funds Wednesday to help the hack recovery process, which is moving into its eighth week.

This month, a Baltimore technology official said the city had initially resisted help from the state after the attack.

You may not have noticed: as our networks get faster in Nigeria, loss to cyber crime increases! I have no data to back that up. But in Moscow few years ago, Russian “fortune finders” gathered around me in Moscow where the Mayor of Moscow and a minister had invited me to give a speech, asking me why Nigerian banks’ networks were always timing out. Upon return, I joked to a bank CEO: your best cyber strategy is slow network. Of course, banks are not listening as they have been making the networks faster. Lol. We know the outcome. Hahaha.

Back to the Baltimore case: why do American cities pay ransomware payments to hackers instead of using their FBI or DHS (Department of Homeland Security) to burst the attacks. Ransomware is a type of attack where hackers remotely take over your computers and will only release so after you have made a payment.

Simply, why do governments pay when the powers of the states are behind them? I understand using the state may take time. But this is happening so often and yet a small city will prefer to spend $millions instead of giving agents say two days to do some works. The money sent to hackers end up somewhere which means they can be tracked! It seems confusing because it is expectedly different when a private company is attacked. But for a government, I had expected support from the best in the trade.

Building a People-Centered Approach to Business Resilience

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By Olowu Modebola Anne

We all agree that human-beings are the greatest asset of any organization, because no matter the age of automation, even as an AI enthusiast there is still a need for people. So, it will be safe to say that no organisation can function without its people.

Although, traditionally, business continuity focuses a lot on technology and premises, the people-centric approach to business continuity is a wave of power to ensure people stay as relevant as the need for technology to make life easier and for their work to be seamless. This ensures the safety of technology, premises and equipment in case of fire, vandalism, theft, etc. The outcome is an exhaustive measure to ensure the people aspect of business continuity is not left out, especially the aspect of having humans remain sound minded and primarily endowed to function as healthy living beings.

As such, we always drive this home during our awareness sessions for employees to embed the business continuity culture into their lifestyles and homes. Just before I start any session, below are my usual ice breakers and I would advise you answer them sincerely within yourself.

  1. Do you have a fully functional fire extinguisher (FE) in your car/house (not the unmaintained and un-serviced one’s you have for FRSC/facilities décor)
  2. Do you have more than one exit in your house?
  3. Do you know the fire exits at your work place?
  4. Do you even have a will?
  5. Do you have a travel plan/guide?
  6. And my favourite, there is a sudden Class B fire in your abode, and you only have the opportunity to save two valuable things (a human and an item), who and what would you save?

Murphy’s Law states that “whatever can go wrong, will go wrong”: so the possibility of something going wrong means it can happen! Simply, I really don’t need to bring in to this article examples of incidents that pick on the questions above, the events that have occurred over the years and the causalities or losses involved.

Source: Risk Evolves

So, should you have fully functional fire extinguishers at your comfort? Yes, please you should. During my sessions, I have heard a lot of positive testimonials on how having one had saved families from fire disasters arising from their cars, kitchens, the generators or any of our day to day appliances. In fact, of particular accolades were the ones from men that had to quickly run to their vehicles to get FEs to put off uprising fire from their homes.

It is also very crucial to have more than one exit in your house, a minimum of two is always advised, for your own safety, having another exit has saved a lot of people from armed robbery, fire and all sorts of emergencies.

The third question is a fun fare for me when I ask, as many always get carried away with work, and totally forget about the exits available to them at their primary work stations. Ask your fire wardens and never miss out on your fire drills.

The ‘will’ or testament thing also causes commotion and all sorts of responses that make me smile all the time. As a continuity specialist, I thoroughly advise you to have one, if you truly care about anything, or anyone.

Yes, the travel plan is also a bit dicey as many Nigerians practice this without knowing they have activated a business continuity plan for themselves and their families a long time ago. I know of a family of six (6) that never travel together; so while the mum travels with the boys in a separate vehicle, the father travels with the girls in another one. I also know of a family of four (4) who do this by air all the time. One of my uncle’s predominantly never allows all his kids travel via the same route. So, a lot of families have different styles and travel plans to ensure the continuity of their heritages.

The 6th question is largely subjective, while some men will say their wives or sons and women vice versa, certificates, HD TV’s etc. for items to be retrieved, it is purely based on your own preference, and there is no perfect answer. The objective of the question is to mentally prepare you and have you picture yourself in that scenario.

How to apply Business Continuity to Your Home & Lifestyle.

  1. Always have a Plan B

As cliché as this may sound, there’s nothing wrong with ever having a plan B. It is even in fact totally wrong not to have one, no matter the situation; having another option is a very proactive gesture, of course, except in the case of your marital spouse.

  1. Wear the Situational Awareness Cap

There’s a funny adage that looks into how a chicken acts when it’s introduced to another environment. It quickly drops only one of its legs on the ground and when it’s convinced it’s safe, it comfortably drops the other one. The lesson is to observe and not be too comfortable all the time; watch your surroundings, soak them in, if possible ask questions, and always remember your safety comes first in any situation.

  1. Save for the future

Finance and the importance of saving have been here before the age of banks. I remember reading ‘Alawiye’ with stories of farmers and hunters digging holes in the ground to save their cowries and coins. So, even in modern times that things have changed, the importance of saving for the rainy day and in this case emergencies as I will put it, is very essential. You never know what the funds will help you to save or protect, as a risk management professional. I would say, it’s really just advisable to always save, even though you may not know what you might be saving for, just yet.

  1. Have a travel plan or Fall back plan

I remember vividly well, how my dad used to gather us round whenever we were together to remind us of our fall back plans as a family: who we should and can meet for help during incidents, how to get to another country if Nigeria were to be on fire, how to defend ourselves and how we were to take responsibilities for each other. Our fall back plan was also always tested: I remember during the January 2012 Occupy Nigeria / Subsidy crisis, how he was quick to get us to our country home to avoid he major crisis and hullabaloo in the city, especially in two separate vehicles, even though my dad never knew he had invoked our family’s BCP as at then. So, it’s quite practical and useful.

  1. Always be mentally alert i.e.( Always smell the cheese)

Monitor the changes around you, in your homes, your work places and even in your health, pay attention to your body and mind. Yes, ensure you are sound mentally, physically, emotionally, spiritually, psychologically, etc. Alan walker’s ‘On my way’ has a verse I love so much, which goes, ‘Nobody, but me can keep me safe and I’m on my way’. So, either it’s your job or your family or you staying alive and relevant as an entity, it’s of paramount care that you stay mentally alert.

  1. Think, Exit! Exit! Exit!

I remember entering a beautiful family restaurant with my friend one evening and he had to call my attention back to our conversation, asking why my eyes were wandering round the corners. I apologized, telling him I was watching out for all the possible exits in the 4.5 star restaurants; he was stunned. He shockingly told me it never even occurred to him to observe his environment, let alone the exits. It was a live restaurant, which made it even more porous to fire, so there was no way in hell that I wouldn’t put my operational risk skills to action.

When one encounters any problem in life, the first thing that comes to mind is how to get out of it: Exit! Exit! Exit! Just to continue to live on, you know the popular lines, Live to die another day! Eventually incidents, mishaps, emergencies and crisis do happen, especially when we all least expect, even though individuals in my fields forecast it and prepare for it, we really can’t accurately tell the time it will occur. We all just know when it happens we are prepared to handle it. So, here’s a live one for us all to imbibe: it’s an organization we all work for, wither owned by us and or someone else or the government, but in all we are only truly accountable to ourselves and those that love us.

Our organizations need us to stay alive to function at par and so do our loved ones, let’s all have the resilience culture.

Nigeria – Populous and Underachieving

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By Sani Nahuche

Nigeria is more like the baby giant of Africa. This country is situated very close to the heart of Africa about 10 degrees north of the equator (at the western coast). It is the most populated nation in all of Africa and the eighth most populated nation on the planet. Nigeria has an approximate population of 196 million people (as of 2018) with the annual population growth rate of around 2.6%.

Nigeria has a literacy rate of about 61.3% for the total population with the female literacy rate around 50.4%. In other words, only about 50.4% of the female population above the age of 15 can read and write in Nigeria today. Although this literacy rate is far better than countries like Burkina Faso, this literacy rate falls far below expectations compared to countries like Kenya, Zimbabwe, Botswana, etc.

Nigeria is a very wealthy country regarding natural and human resources. It is blessed with a surplus amount of natural gas, petroleum, coal, tin, iron ore, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land, etc. Nigeria is a very “oil rich” country. It is the leading exporter of oil in Africa today and one of the leading oil exporters in the world (the 6th leading oil exporter in the world today). Nigeria’s petroleum industry remains the largest industry and the main generator of Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria today.

Ever since her independence in 1960, the stakes have never been higher for the most populous black nation in the world to stake a claim amongst other world powers. Alas, that was a cry either too soon or either too ambitious. Nigeria, 58 years later, still lies hopelessly like a patient that has been on life support for endless weeks to the dismay of family members – its citizens.

Plagued by series of coups during its turbulent military reign that held sway for the large part of 1966 till 1999, bar a brief return to democracy in 1979 -1983. Perhaps the most tumultuous era of the Nation’s history was the bloody and long fought ‘Biafran’ Civil war that was fought between the Nigerian government and the secessionist state of Biafra, that attempted to break away from Nigeria.

Looking closely, it is relatively easy to establish the fact that the nation has had her fair share of worries – as many other countries have – however, the saddest part of it all is that 19 years into a reasonably stable democratic system of government, Nigeria still lies in a ‘vegetative’ state. Beset by corruption, greed and a wanton disregard for the rule of law, the country has been held bondage by its very own leaders, with the large part of its citizenry only playing disgruntled spectators to the whole debacle.

Some of them, are still with PTSD of the military era. The major reason being why the best of them stayed away from politics is because they know better. For most of the elites now, I wonder what the reason might be staying away or grooming their kids or proteges to be ready for that role of leadership, as it has always been done not just here but everywhere else in the world. Even for those born with power, it uses to be a tradition at every part of the country either North, South-West, South-East, and South-South, those of the royal blood, they are groomed right from birth to be ready to take the affairs of the Kingdom.

The coat of arm of Nigeria

Now you hardly look to those houses for leadership, mostly those houses where the first to be bought over or swayed away by those same people who have held the Nation in bondage. Words may never be able to describe how a country blessed with so much fertile land for agriculture, massive amount of crude oil deposits, an ample amount of natural resources lay scattered throughout its geography and boasting of a relatively young and industrious population, now lay in a state of disarray, buried deep in corruption.

Corruption breeds contempt and contempt further gives rise to a whole host of social vices that can be hard to tame. Accountability and fairness have been thrown to the wind. guess. Religion has drifted from what it used to be and is now used mainly as a tool to divide the people and in some very rampant cases, make erroneous profits from unsuspecting and gullible followers.

Tribalism is reaching peak levels, and different tribesmen are finding it incredibly hard to coexist in peace and harmony. Politics have become a sad tale of grab as much as you can, while you still can.

Yet the people can’t pause and think that the National Assembly of Nigeria that houses both The Upper Chamber (Senate)109, in the?36 states, each divided in 3 senatorial districts while also each electing one senator and the Lower Chamber (House of Representatives) with a total number of 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies, never had a single religious or ethnic disgruntlement or the other. Now imagine Three hundred and Sixty people from different constituencies in one room for about one thousand four hundred and sixty days with no single ethnic or religious scuffle that has leaked out for six thousand nine hundred and thirty-five days with a series of dramas that has transpired, from stealing the maze twice to so many rounds of boxing matches. No wonder Joshua Jackson decided to try his in the ring.

They marry their sons and daughters to each other, not caring about religion and tribe. Is it that they have disseminated the educational system in the country so much that the people are a bunch of working zombies that can’t think or see what is going on? Is this the most ignorant nation that has ever existed in all of God’s creation? Or are the majority of Nigerians just too dump and headless, that we get disillusioned by a few of them? This really feels like a Freddy Krueger’s Nightmare on Elms Street film series.

Infrastructure is a story of the past and. Health sector and education is in a dire state. The list goes on and on. This is a country that almost every child’s earlier words before he learns his name and most cases learn how to say Mama or Daddy, is NEPA! (Nigerian Electrical Power Authority) .

However, it is crucial to point out that all these vices and issues that now besiege Nigeria are not from the blue. In fact, they have been looming like dark clouds before a torrential downpour. Most of Nigeria’s numerous problems are mainly as a result of long-neglected issues that have either been entirely disregarded or somehow left to fester for the selfish interests of a select few.

Currently, there is a lack of trust for the government, despite a recent change in leadership. Though the country’s leadership has its own shortcomings, I won’t be too hard on them, because the President is a man of an impeccable character but it is so unfortunate we are having him at this part of his years. I can’t imagine President Buhari after the first four years of the PDP, winning the 2003 elections. I rather challenge any one of the best Vice President this country has witnessed.

It seems the nation is stuck on the same old loophole. There have been issues of terrorism, wanton killings in various parts of the country, nepotism and not forgetting the fact that most people have not hidden their dismay for a seemingly incompetent and indecisive government.

One big problem Nigeria has as a nation is continuity. The People’s Democratic Party had that opportunity for the sixteen years to strategically re-align this country to what it’s supposed to be but alas. They are marauded by the same people that the only source of lively hood for them is the wealth of the state, the wealth of the people, the people that cheer to their names whenever it is called. They steal their wealth, their kids’ and grandkids’ wealth, turn around, give them peanuts from that and promise them flowing taps of milk and honey right into their living rooms in this 21st century, and they clap and they cheer.   

It is indeed a trying time for a nation that is struggling to count any meaningful accomplishment 58 years after the British government gave it full reigns over the affairs of its country. Nigeria can be likened to a problematic aeroplane nose-diving 33,000 ft from the ground and gradually nearing a catastrophic end with every passing second. However, there is hope that one day the pilot may be able to get things under control before it’s too late – at least, the so called number of 190 million people is fervently looking to the heavens for a miracle.

For people outside Nigeria in order to understand the extent of the problems Nigeria is facing, imagine if the child protective services in the U.S catches wind that a father doesn’t even know and does not care to know the number of children under his roof, I doubt if all those kids would be sleeping under his roof before the next morning. That’s the problem! I challenge the president and all those before him, to give us exact figures of the children under his care as the father of the nation.

As much as roads, rail, hospitals, schools, security, electricity, water and so on is very important for any nation to develop, I still think they are all secondary to what Nigeria needs. First thing first, is finding out how many Nigerians are there? Where they stay? What do they do for a living? How much do they contribute or make? What do they need to improve their lively hood? Why do they always go to the hospital? Are the kids in school? Are the teachers doing enough? How much do they earn? Do they need extra training? What can the country do to improve the conditions of those teachers? What are the security challenges in those communities? Who are those people causing problems? Where are they from? Where do they stay? Who do they interact with? How do they get funding, from whom, when and by what means? These are questions that any responsible father or parents can ask if he/she knows how many kids they have.

These are things that if you have full account then you can encounter any issue or predicament. For those clamouring for restructuring, they need to realise that these are the questions no matter how much we face lift our issues and challenges, we need answers. With that, the perfect and most suitable structure we deserve as a nation will fall in place.

The youth should stop raising their voices and clamoring that it is our time. This generation is too old to understand the new world. The generation before us has brought us to where we are. Were they born old? No! Unfortunately, they were too impatient, that a few bad eggs from them decided to take it by force. In return they ended up killing the generation before them and had nobody to help guide and build them accordingly.

Let’s not be too much in a hurry and make the same mistakes they made, we need to pick the best of them to help guide us to build a better Nigeria, a Nigeria that they also have been robbed of. We should take our generation as a lost generation and strive to make it a different Nigeria for our kids and the generation after them.

It’s time for every Nigerian to stand up with a voice. We know the best of us, we know the people we could put our lives on their hands.

Every single politician you elect has a little bit of weight in terms of responsibility of your life and families on his hands. It is time to wake up and realise that they work for us, we pay them. Every single one of us is like a Chairman of a Company. We can fire them even if they dress wrongly. It is our constitutional right to remove them even if we just feel like it. That is what democracy is, we decide, we make decisions, we make the laws. We don’t like a particular law, collectively we voice our opinion and we strike it out. If we want a law to be inserted into the constitution, we collectively put it in and it stays.

That is the collective power we have. You steal our wealth, finance criminals, robbers, killers, assassins so we take you out and make you realise that you are only there because we allowed you to. It is not your right rather it is our right and our decision to put you on that seat. Those cars with the sirens, if they get too loud for us, then we tell you to switch them off! Those houses you feel so entitled to are just the rent we pay for you to stay in. It is ours and we and we only have the right to do and undo what we want.

Nigeria! It is time to wake up; we should be searching things on google like the constitution, the law, my rights as a citizen, what are the duties of elected officials, not learning how to do one dance or the other. We are better than that; our voices are much more powerful than we give them credit for. It is time we start testing our vocal cords. It is time we unite against one enemy, one collective enemy we all have: corruption and corrupt officials. It is time we start holding them accountable for as little as pens brought to their desks.

“We are the sum of every decision we take, and the last decision doesn’t define who we are.” 

Nigeria’s Need-Economy, Indomie Fans and Building Your Noodle Business

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Indomie Noodle

By Ajayi Joel

If you are an entrepreneur and you have a product that people need to achieve a crucial goal in life, count yourself lucky. Let’s throw a big party over it. When I mean products people need, I’m talking about basic necessities just like food, clothes, transportation and shelter.

Let me break it down a little further, there are basic things we all need to survive. Guys, I’m talking Nigeria here. So let’s be practical, we have rice, beans, garri, vegetables, fish, etc. Let’s divert to clothes as well; if you sell cheap clothes especially for the ladies (no offense), you have a life’s necessity product for Nigeria.
You have a market and I rejoice with you my dear friends. I have not said you’ll automatically succeed as an entrepreneur, or as a business person doing this, but let’s say you’d still have some little cash daily to buy your family meals.

The reason is simple: people need them to stay alive or exist. They need food to stay alive; they need clothes to stay sane. You have no problem to worry about.

Okay, let me not confuse you, you have a few problems to worry about which could be fluctuating prices of products, competitors, and losses. But you can never have the problem of lack of customers; only if you have a huge supermarket on a mountain.

If it’s where humans live, then customers will come to you anyway and anytime. All you need to do to stay alive as a business is to learn how to solve your little problems, and they are not so huge if you learn from a professional. Problems like competitors, getting attention and all. I can teach you if you want. But let’s leave that light issue. All I’m saying is that you have a reason to wake up every day to go to work!

You are in the Need-Economy

The need-economy is a nice place to build a business, when even if you are not a core professional, you can still survive. A country like Nigeria thrives on need-economy. Our purchasing power is so weak that we can only afford what we need. I didn’t study economics but I will analyze some things right here.

A need is a want that has 3 out of 5-level of urgency and necessity in survival.

What I simply mean is this: everything in this world is a want. But when it gets to 3 out of 5 in the level of urgency for human survival, then it’s a need.

This may actually bore you if you are not into business, and this might be long but it will help your business. So let’s proceed…

A house is a want; it becomes a need when

  1. It saves people from harsh weather.
  2. It is also affordable that they can also cater for feeding.
  3. They have a lifetime assurance of it.

Now, let’s look at the flip side of the coin.

A 50 million naira house is not a need. It is a want because it doesn’t meet all three basic requirements for survival by implicitly over-exceeding it! Don’t forget we are confined to Nigeria and this applies to other countries but I am talking specifically about Nigeria since about 80 percentage of Nigerians are living below expensive lifestyles daily (hey, poverty line).

Under this construct, we have the following”

  • A 10,000 naira plate of food isn’t a need. It is a want. [$1 = N350 naira]
  • A 1,000 naira jeans and 500 naira shirt are all needs. A 2,000 naira skirt is a need.
  • A 50,000 naira suit is a want; a 12,000 naira shoe is a want.

Remember we are talking based on the 80 percent of average people in Nigeria. For the remaining 20 percent, you can still extract a need but you require a new game strategy. Yes, you have to cover the 3 essential things for living.

  • It solves a problem
  • It is affordable
  • It has an assurance.

Making Products for the Rich in Society

Now, let’s move to people who are building products that are wants to a percentage of Nigerians. Let’s say you sell 50,000 naira shoes, you sell 10 million naira houses, etc.

The first question to consider is if you will make money focusing on the remaining 20 percent. If you will, well there are still so many problems that you will face among which is Building a Tribe.

Your attention must be focused on them alone. But what if there are so many competitors as well? Do you guys begin to fight over small portions of that market? Is the idea scalable that way? That’s a very huge problem. If you are in this shoe: the need-economy can rock.

Indomie built a business and turned many consumers to customers, and then to fans. That is how it is; you get many believers in the need-economy. To build your own noodle business, you must master the three elements (solves problem, it’s affordable and offers assurance) and find how noodle can play a role in your strategy.

The Want-Economy

This is a battle ground and those who really understand business can play the cards well here. Present an ace or go home paying your debts. I have a very golden secret I will share. It is on – How to move your product from being a want to a need!

In explaining this, I will simply refer you to an excellent piece on Tekedia. What you need is to create a perception demand where magically the want becomes a need in your life. Once you accomplish that, you can get people to spend money on that product because you have percepted something that would have been want into a need. Now, you can relax, and the revenue will be increasing.

All Together

Business is a big game: you must have capacities to play your positions well to find success. If you want to play in the need-economy league, you need to know how to score goals in the minds of the customers. If you prefer the want-economy, it is critical you rewire the mindset to have a shift through perception. When you do those, excellently, you can attack any market including a noodle market, and improve your odds of becoming a category-king. Yes, I mean, winning in the sector.