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2023 Nigerian Elections: The Three Boys and Propagandistic Discourse Game

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When I laid my hand on Boy George, a special magazine produced by unknown Lagos politician(s), in 2003, I was not sure of what I was reading for many days. Then, my understanding and how to detect propaganda as a student of Mass Communication were limited. For days, I wondered how people or organisations could so be coordinated in producing a magazine primarily to construct and deconstruct someone’s personality and previous activities for gaining a large share of public mind ahead an election.

The magazine was packaged to the extent that uncritical minds would absolutely believe every word, image and illustration employed to demarketing Chief Olabode George of the People’s Democratic Party.

Several years later, with improved knowledge and skills on how to detect polluted messages associated with politics and governance, I realise that propaganda and politicians as well as their supporters are inseparable. Ordinarily, if children were asked in an English essay writing to talk about the boy George, they would have used different flowery words, images and illustrations to portray personality and activities of the man who was severely battered in the magazine.

While I a magazine with over 50 pages was produced to manipulate people’s perception about Chief Bode George 20 years ago, more advanced tools are now being used for creating and disseminating similar messages about the three leading presidential candidates. Manufacturers of propaganda messages about Senator Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Mr Peter Obi and Alhaji Atiku Abubaker are more succeeding their trade because of improved Internet penetration and high social networking users, which were not in existence in 2003.

A typical submission from propagandists is like Nigeria is a nation with a rich history, deep culture, and a bright future. However, the nation faces many challenges, from poor infrastructure to corruption. Now, the nation is faced with the challenge of choosing its next leader, and Senator Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar and Mr Peter Obi have stepped forward to take on the challenge. Unfortunately, Tinubu is not the right choice for Nigeria. Unfortunately, Atiku is not the right choice for Nigeria. Unfortunately, Obi is not the right choice for Nigeria.

They are puppets for the elite, with their policies closely aligned with the current government. They have proposed policies that will benefit the wealthy and powerful, but will do little to improve the lives of the average Nigerian. Their economic policies are aimed at benefiting the rich and powerful, while neglecting the needs of the poor and middle class. They all have a history of supporting policies that are detrimental to Nigeria’s environment. They all have a history of cronyism and nepotism.

From September 28, 2022 that campaign activities have started till February 13, 2023, the candidates’ competencies and capabilities to govern Nigeria have been discussed using these discourses. For the people who have little understanding of how politicians, political parties and their supporters use propaganda as a tool during campaign, it would be difficult to make informed decision on February 25th, 2023.  In the words of Garry Kasparov, “The point of modern propaganda isn’t only to misinform or push an agenda. It is to exhaust your critical thinking, to annihilate truth.”

PDP Cancels Campaign Rally in Rivers State

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Amid incessant attacks on supporters of Atiku Abubakar’s presidential bid in Rivers State, the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) has called off its campaign rally billed to hold in the state on Tuesday, February 14, 2023.

The chairman of the PDP Presidential Campaign Council in Rivers State, Senator Lee Maeba, made the announcement on Monday while addressing the media. Maeba said the decision was necessitated by growing violence attacks on supporters of Atiku, masterminded by the state governor, Nyesom Wike, who he said had already declared members of the campaign council and Atiku supporters in the state as enemies of the State.

Since the conclusion of its presidential primary election that saw the emergence of Atiku as the party’s flagbearer in May 2022, the PDP has been dealing with internal crisis that has seen five governors break away, to form the G5 that has refused to support its presidential campaign due to leadership tussle. The group has insisted that the PDP national chairman, Iyiorcha Ayu, must step down for peace to reign.

Maeba said that the situation has deteriorated to the point that the supporters of Atiku have become targets of violence attacks.

“It is therefore instructive to note that this directive has direction in the vituperation of overt act of Governor Nyesom Ezenwo Wike. In this instance, he has openly branded members of the PDP Presidential Campaign Council and all supporters of the presidential candidate as enemies of the state and vowed to crush them. Video evidence abounds to support our assertion.

“He admitted carrying out that attack on Dr. Abiye Sekibo and Senator Lee Maeba in his earlier statement at Eleme during a gubernatorial campaign rally on Friday, February 10, 2023.

“He boasted that the two armed robbers, Dr. Abiye Sekibo and Senator Lee Maeba were chased away when they came to take a land belonging to the Rivers State government and they are lucky they ran away before his arrival at the scene. He tried to make an unimpressive denial which does not hold water the next day.

“In the light of the above submission, we the state campaign council, in total constructive engagement with the National Presidential Campaign Council, the candidate and the party, haven seen and evaluated the bodily harm and potential death threats, believe that no lose of life can be tolerated, accepted before, during and after the presidential election and agree with our principals on the need to shelve and or cancel the rally to avoid any death because the victory of Atiku Abubakar does not deserve spilling of the blood  of even one citizen of Rivers State.

“This may be painful, but is the best decision to take as no human death can be excused on the insistence of hosting a rally due to the brigandage which the security agencies have not been able to break in and restore confidence, security wise, on the populace and our members.

“Finally, we pray the President and Commander-in-Chief, President Muhammadu Buhari, act decisively as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria by instructing and making sure that the security agencies do their job in an impartial manner that will restore confidence and buy into free and fair election as he has variously mentioned that he will ensure that no thug, no government will stand in the way of free and fair election. And to also ensure that nobody use his resources to purchase Nigerians to get into the Presidency,” he said.

The infighting in the PDP has significantly impacted its chances in the 2023 presidential race. Rivers State had yielded a large number of votes for the PDP in the past and the party is counting on the state to win the February 25 election. With peace yet to return to the party, Atiku’s hope of securing Rivers State votes has become shattered.

The G5 governors led by Wike had said they would announce the presidential candidate they will support, killing hope of reconciliation.

As More Projects joins ZK Chain, Gitcoin Grants are coming to ZKSYNC

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zkLink, the first Layer2 multi-chain integration DEX based on ZK-Rollup, will be launching

The wave of projects joining the zkEVM revolution on zkSync isn’t slowing down, here are some exciting updates on the fast-growing ecosystem. On-chain gaming project Tevaera shared details on their 2.0 gaming ecosystem, built natively on zkSync. Transparent and safe lending protocol NexonFi announced that their public testnet is now live on zkSync. RaisePay wallet testnet is coming soon to zkSync, and raise_fi shared their first live demo of how native zkSync 2.0 features like Account Abstraction will create a seamless experience for end-users. Institutional-grade structured derivatives ecosystem derivio_xyz outlined their approach to DeFi and creating fully decentralized, market-neutral liquidity on zkSync.

Matter Labs, creator of the ZKSYNC project, strongly believe that increasing personal freedom is the most effective way for crypto to drive positive change at a global scale. zkSync was built to make that dream a reality; by making Ethereum both scalable and accessible, enabling self-sovereignty at a mass scale.

“Our long-term mission is to make self-sovereign participation in the digital economy — i.e. maintaining true control over one’s digital assets — affordable for anyone in the world.” Alex Gluchowski, Co-Founder and CEO, Matter Labs.

To realize this vision, web3 must focus on the features that will secure crypto’s long-term future; decentralization, security, and scalability. The events of the past few months have demonstrated more than ever the need to uphold these values for the long-term stability and resilience of our industry, both in finance and beyond. It also needs innovative projects that leverage these features to find new ways to break down barriers in our global institutions, structures, and geographies. We firmly believe that cryptography and blockchain are essential technologies for protecting and fostering freedom globally; this is how we bring that dream to the masses.

That’s why we’re excited to announce that we’ll be collaborating with Gitcoin to bring the scalability and security of zkSync’s zkEVM to their grants program. Soon, many of Gitcoin’s grants rounds will be integrated with zkSync, ensuring leading web3 projects can fund what matters to them with novel financing models like Quadratic Funding. We recognize that the strength of zkSync’s protocol is largely due to the amazing projects building in our ecosystem, and project’s like Gitcoin are essential in encouraging our community to grow and continue to create public goods; in turn realizing the potential of web3 for more people, in more verticals, with innovative solutions to give power back to users, creators, and developers worldwide.

Gitcoin creates solutions that empower communities to fund, build, and protect what matters. Through our Gitcoin Grants Program, we’ve distributed over $38m to early stage builders championing projects across DeFi, climate, open source and beyond. Our core products include the Gitcoin Grants Stack, our end-to-end grants solution, Allo Protocol, our open-source funding protocol, and Gitcoin Passport, our decentralized identity management protocol.

Gitcoin has helped thousands of projects and teams grow their open-source ecosystems. The internet has unlocked unprecedented opportunities for collaboration and creation. Now web3 technology like open source protocols and decentralized blockchains give us the ability to take co-creation to a new scale. The Gitcoin ecosystem uses this technology to fund and build digital public goods that serve everyone, and solve our most immediate problems.

Our collaboration with zkSync has been an incredible solution in removing friction when funding Public Goods. As we launch and scale our new funding allocation protocol — Allo Protocol — we are excited to renew our collaboration to establish an always-on and continual funding model of public goods. zkSync’s commitment to continually fund public goods is a north star for those who believe in regenerative crypto economics.

Gitcoin is also looking forward to supporting the decentralization of the zkSync network and operation when the time is right. We believe that Layer2’s are a critical part of our Ethereum infrastructure that are necessary to continue furthering both our decentralization and our goal of onboarding millions of users to the technology that EVM chains enable.

“Our collaboration with zkSync has been immensely valuable to our users, and for our ability to grow the funding of public goods. Scalable, secure rollups that reduce gas fees have been an immense unlock to the Gitcoin Grants Program and the number of supporters who contribute to our grants rounds.” Kyle Weiss, Co-Founder, Gitcoin Foundation.

Labour Party Debunks Reports That Its Southwest Chapter Collapsed Structure into the APC

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The Labour Party has debunked reports that its Southwest chapter has collapsed its structure into the All Progressive Congress (APC), two weeks to the presidential election.

Several news outlets had reported on Monday that members of the party have massively defected to the APC. Omotoso Banji is said to have led the defectors. Others were said to  be the Labour Party’s chairman in Osun State, Tunde Omotunde and his Ekiti State counterpart,  Alabi Adeeyo; Ondo Secretary of LP, Omowumi Olosola, Stella Alabi from Lagos State amongst others.

Omotoso was quoted as saying that the leaders of Southwest LP decided to quit the party because it lacks the capacity and viability to win the 2023 elections.

“Labour Party presently is a shaky platform for anybody to contest, Labour Party is a failure platform for anybody to contest, I don’t know Peter Obi and I’m less concerned about him but I’m concerned about those celebrating the Labour Party mediocre within Nigeria.

“In view of this, we leaders of the Labour Party in the South-West have decided to leave the party because we have a lot of mediocre there and what they are looking for is money, they are not ready to serve Nigeria,” he said.

But a statement signed by the Labour Party Southwest Stakeholders, a few hours later, described the reports as “mischievous” and “unfounded.” It said the Labour Party Southwest remains intact ahead of the February 25 and March 11 general elections.

The APC has been caught on several occasions making spurious claims since the electoral campaign began. The statement added that the APC has resorted to propaganda because they are intimidated by the massive support for the Labour Party from the masses.

It assured the party’s supporters that there is no such office as Labour Party South West Chairman, “neither has any of the Labour Party stakeholders across the southwest states ever contemplated working for the failed APC or any other political party.”

Read the statement below:

“Our attention has been drawn to the laughable “fake news” that the Labour Party Southwest Structure has collapsed for APC.

“This mischievous and unfounded claim is been disseminated by failed propagandists who can no longer find peace of mind due to the great acceptance, massive support, and daily soul-winning for the Labour Party at the grassroots level in the southwestern states of Nigeria.

“To set the records straight, the Labour Party structure in the southwest remains unshaken and fully prepared to deliver all Labour Party Candidates at both the February 25th and March 11th, 2023 elections.

“The public should be informed that there is no such office as Labour Party South West Chairman, and neither has any of the Labour Party stakeholders across the southwest states ever contemplated working for the failed APC or any other political party.

“Every name mentioned therein we disown as they do not exist as claimed or represent stakeholders in the South West Structure of the Labour Party.

Unlike the failed APC which has been rejected by the masses, Labour Party and its candidates have continually enjoyed massive love in the Southwest.

“We, therefore, reassure Nigerians that the Labour Party remains committed to winning all positions in the southwest by wide margins. We will not be distracted by their usual antics, we do not expect less from a party that has consistently engaged in a national show of shame.

“All six (6) states in the southwest are for Labour Party, Labour Party in Oyo State for instance has enjoyed more popularity, love, and support from the masses enough to force the opposition to settle for cheap blackmails and propaganda to misinform the massive supporters rooting for the Labour Party.

“Once again, we are sure to win massively in the southwest and no amount of propaganda or intimidation can stop Labour Party from winning the southwest.”

The Cost of Mining Today in Nigeria

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Nigeria and mining have an interesting and long history, spanning over a century. For instance, gold mining began in 1913, peaking in the 1930s before declining during World War II. This was a result of mines being abandoned by many of the colonial companies that owned them. Unfortunately, they never recovered to pre-war standards of production. However, this could be set to change for different natural products that require mining, if the opportunity is grasped.

Mining Base Metals

There have been sharp price increases for nickel, aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc, which looks like it’s set to indefinitely continue. Nickel, in particular, is in abundance in Africa, according to the Nickel Institute. It’s particularly found in Zimbabwe and Botswana, meaning this is good news for companies that mine this base metal. It happens to be an important component in lithium-ion batteries, so it’ll always be in demand because it’s essential for the transition of energy around the world.

Base metals, like iron and zinc, although they undoubtedly have their uses, are not in as much demand as lithium. As a result, it looks like their values around the world will stabilize a lot sooner than nickel will. Additionally, the prices of precious metals also look to stabilize due to being less volatile in the market. However, this doesn’t mean their prices won’t experience some form of an increase in the future, which is good news for mining companies.

Mining Precious Metals

Palladium and platinum are set to see increases in costs. Being essential in hydrogen-based energy technologies, South Africa has a unique opportunity to meet these global demands. Other rare metals, including rhodium and iridium, are also in several African countries, meaning there’s a global demand that can be fulfilled by them.

Gold is often seen as a safe investment, according to CMC Markets. It also looks set to increase in demand, which is good news for Ghana and South Africa. Gold deposits are typically found in Northern Nigeria, such as Anke and Melele. Although there is currently no gold mining on a large scale, perhaps this could change with the increased demand for it.

Mining’s Impact on Culture

As many people around the world will know, mining exists in other countries, including America and Australia. Back in the day, it was the reason for many towns to develop and thrive in these countries, some of which died out, and others, like Virginia City in the American state of Nevada, have continued to thrive today.

With this history, it’s no wonder that mining has remained a significant part of many of today’s cultures. It can be seen in many Wild West films, such as the 1982 film, Mother Lode. It’s even a backdrop for the 1991 film, White Fang. Mining has even made it into books, including Gold Mine by Wilbur Smith.

It’s perhaps no surprise that gold mining features heavily in online games, for example, titles like Gold Rush: Cash Collect, are available to play at online casinos like Buzz Bingo. Based on the gold rushes, which are newly discovered gold deposits, players will play against the backdrop of the gold miners in Yukon. The stellar graphics are accompanied by the sound of music that is played in the TV show of the same name that this game is based on.


Africa has an abundance of natural resources, which include base and precious metals. With each of them having different, yet vital uses, for countries around the world, Africa may once again discover mining is once again intertwined with their history and culture. As mining develops, there’s the possibility of more jobs in a range of other industries, like transportation and technology. Just think, this would have all started from natural resources that are all over the African continent.