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2023 Nigeria Elections: Conceptual Map of INEC’s Credible Election Discourse at Chatham House

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In this piece, the views of Professor Yakubu Mahmood, chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission, were examined as part of our analyst examination of political and electoral actors’ presence at Chatham House. Professor Yakubu’s speech came a day after the Labour Party’s presidential candidate, Mr Peter Obi, discussed his agenda for Nigeria in the House on January 16th, 2023. According to the chairman, Nigeria will hold her seventh consecutive general election in 2023.

The over 7,000-word speech revealed the Commission’s successes and challenges during the previous general elections, particularly the 2015 and 2019 general elections. Using a conceptual discourse map approach, our analyst discovered that INEC requires complete institutional independence in order to conduct credible elections. This independence would allow it to use technologies to avoid potential malpractices orchestrated by political actors and their supporters. Our analyst also concluded from Professor Yakubu’s speech that having credible elections requires more than the Commission’s efforts.

Nigerians must support it. According to our analyst, this appeal is primarily directed at politicians and supporters who believe in inciting violence before, during, and after elections. Politicians and supporters who believe elections should be a do-or-die affair are also urged by the electoral body’s chairman, who claims the Commission’s only commitment is to Nigerians. These insights were derived primarily from five extracts in which integrity serves as the focal point of his credible election discourse.

  1. As Zavadskaya and Garnett aptly note, the question of integrity of elections is relevant for “all elections, whether in new democracies or jurisdictions that have held election for decades”, because they are all “vulnerable to malpractice.
  2. …we are preparing for a general election of high integrity and inclusiveness in Nigeria in 2023.
  3. For election technology, early decision is central to maintaining its integrity, popularising it among voters and addressing any challenges that could arise.
  4. On 4th January 2023, we received the final batch of the BVAS to be used for the election. That puts us on course to perform functional and integrity tests on every BVAS to be deployed for the election, which has been concluded in many States nationwide.
  5. Our commitment remains only to Nigerians and not to any political party or candidate. That is what the law requires of us. We cherish the institutional independence and integrity of the Commission.

Exhibit 1: conceptual map of integrity discourse in relation to other key knots

Source: Yakubu Mahmood, 2023; Infoprations Analysis, 2023

An Overview of Solar Energy and the Benefits with Dr. Yasam Ayavefe

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Dr. Yasam Ayavefe is an accomplished and acclaimed international businessman with an extensive educational background.

He began his academic journey at the University of Kyrgyzstan, pursuing a degree in International Relations and Affairs and Computer Engineering. After that, Dr. Ayavefe obtained his doctorate degree in Economic Studies at the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova.

Dr. Ayavefe is the founder and chairman of Milaya Capital Limited – a vibrant London-based venture capital firm. Milaya Capital has branches in London, Greece, and Milaya Dubai. Milaya is a young and dynamic company that continues to expand and grow its global reach. He strongly advocates for improving our environment, making a better tomorrow, and investing in projects that will make a difference—one of those investments being Solar Energy.

Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available. Although “Solar Energy” is familiar to most of us, Dr. Ayavefe explains precisely what it is and how it works.

The electricity produced can be used on-site or re-injected into the electricity distribution grid. In addition, solar thermal energy generates heat that can be used for domestic heating or domestic hot water production.

Today, the importance of solar energy systems has increased and become popular. Solar energy is mainly used for electricity generation (photovoltaic solar energy or thermodynamic solar energy) or heat generation (solar thermal energy).

Photovoltaic solar energy converts solar radiation into electricity using photovoltaic cells integrated into panels that can be installed in buildings or placed on the ground. In contrast, thermodynamic solar energy generates electricity through heat generation.

The electricity produced can be used on-site or re-injected into the electricity distribution grid. In addition, solar thermal energy generates heat that can be used for domestic heating or domestic hot water production. Many other technologies are available, and explained, which will help us to understand solar energy and its benefits further.

Photovoltaic (PV) technologies rely on cells that convert solar radiation into direct current electricity. These cells are interconnected to form a module, which itself is connected to various electrical components. The whole forms a photovoltaic system. The lifetime of a module is about 25 years. Today, there are different cell technologies at varying stages of technological maturity.

Technologies related to this sector aim to convert solar radiation into thermal energy. This equipment makes it possible to use the sun’s thermal energy directly. The heat produced can be used for domestic heating or domestic hot water production.

A hybrid sector is emerging, combining solar photovoltaic and solar thermal in buildings. This sector relies on hybrid solar panels generating electricity and proper heat simultaneously. A hybrid solar panel uses the heat released by photovoltaic cells to heat a heat transfer fluid. This improves the efficiency of PV cells while recovering proper solar heat for domestic hot water or heating. In a water-vector hybrid solar panel, the heat transfer fluid is water-based. This process often contributes to domestic hot water (DHW) production. The heat transfer fluid is air in an air vector hybrid solar panel. This process is often used to contribute to the heating of buildings.

One of Dr. Yasam Ayaefe’s investments in solar energy is solar farms. A solar farm is an extensive collection of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels that absorb energy from the sun, convert it into electricity, and send that electricity to the power grid for distribution and consumption by customers like you. Solar farms, which you’ll sometimes see being called solar parks or photovoltaic power stations, are usually mounted to the ground instead of rooftops and come in all shapes and sizes.

We thank Dr. Yasam Ayavefe for his overview, insights, and determination to secure a greener, healthier environment for our planet.

Dr. Yasam Ayavefe

Click the below links to view Dr. Yasam Ayavefe’s projects:

https://greenclimate.io/

https://yasamayavefe.com/

Milaya Capital

Investing in Solar Energy to Create a Cleaner Planet for Us All – Dr. Yasam Ayavefe

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As a businessman and philanthropist, Ya?am Ayavefe has achieved success through the execution of various projects using his extensive education. Dr. Ya?am Ayavefe is behind hundreds of successful projects ranging from architecture to tourism to environmental improvement, a few of his many accomplishments. As founder and CEO of Milaya Capital, he and his team design life-changing projects while consistently considering ecological awareness.

Milaya Capital has built its reputation fully committed to any project that delivers efficiency in all aspects of today’s needs. One of its most important goals is to improve lives within society, in addition to its service users. Utilizing all the new opportunities within the business world, they have made it their mission to carry the world to a better future.

Ya?am Ayavefe is taking new steps through Milaya Capital with a vision and mission to establish solar energy farms as he argues that fossil and similar energy sources are not renewable and the damage they cause to nature is significantly dangerous. However, sustainable energy sources are renewable and harmless. “A green world is essential for future generations. However, increasing population growth and insufficient resources cannot meet the required energy needs.”

Dr. Ya?am Ayavefe encourages people to use sustainable energy sources. Mentioning the importance of cooperation between countries, the famous businessman Dr. Ayavefe proposes measures related to global warming. Dr. Ayevefe has initiated a new project with Milaya Capital by investing in solar energy farms. Furthermore, Dr. Ayavefe has extended his education to a complete understanding of what is responsible for the deterioration of our environment as he addresses fossil fuels.

Photosynthesis is also responsible for fossil fuels. Scientists estimate that about 3 billion years ago, the first autotrophs evolved in aquatic settings. Sunlight allowed plant life to thrive and develop. After the autotrophs died, they decomposed and shifted more profoundly into the Earth, sometimes thousands of meters. This process continued for millions of years. Then, under intense pressure and high temperatures, these remains became what we know as fossil fuels. Microorganisms became petroleum, natural gas, and coal.

People have developed processes for extracting these fossil fuels and using them for energy. However, fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. They take millions of years to form. Solar energy is a renewable resource; many technologies can harvest it directly for use in homes, businesses, schools, and hospitals. Some solar energy technologies include photovoltaic cells and panels, concentrated solar energy, and solar architecture.

There are different ways of capturing solar radiation and converting it into usable energy. The methods use either active solar energy or passive solar energy.

Active solar technologies use electrical or mechanical devices to convert solar energy into another form of energy, often heat or electricity. Passive solar technologies do not use any external devices. Instead, they take advantage of the local climate to heat structures during the winter and reflect heat during the summer. Investing in solar farms will make a significant difference and is a solar technology that will be instrumental to a healthier environment. A solar farm is an extensive collection of photovoltaic solar panels that absorb energy from the sun, convert it into electricity, and send that electricity to the power grid for distribution and consumption by customers like you. Solar farms, which you’ll sometimes see being called solar parks or photovoltaic power stations are usually mounted to the ground instead of rooftops and come in all shapes and sizes.

We sincerely thank Dr. Yasam Ayavefe for his knowledge, action, and drive to ensure future generations will have the opportunity to live in a better world.

 

Dr. Yasam Ayavefe

Click the below links to view Dr. Yasam Ayavefe’s projects:

https://greenclimate.io/

https://yasamayavefe.com/

Milaya Capital

Nigeria: A Failing State? A Simulation Analysis of the Reactions of Key Actors to Peter Obi’s Chatham House Speech

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During his visit to Chatham House in the United Kingdom, Mr Peter Obi, the Labour Party candidate, spoke about a number of important topics, including the political fraud that has been a feature of Nigerian elections ever since the country’s return to democracy in 1999 following a number of years under military rule. In the current piece, a simulation analysis of a potential response to Mr Peter Obi’s contention that political fraud has rendered Nigeria a failing state with a worsening leadership crisis is explored using the ChatGPT tool in an effort to further the emerging insights from the previous analysis.

As predicted by our analyst, the tool produced expected responses from the ruling party’s (APC) candidate, other opposition candidates, and Nigerians. Our analyst presented his findings regarding Mr Peter Obi’s claim of political fraud and requested that the tool respond as candidates and Nigerians.

Ruling Party

As a candidate of the ruling party in Nigeria, I understand the concerns raised by Mr. Peter Obi regarding the potential irregularities in the electoral and legal systems, as well as illegal activities by some security agencies. However, I would argue that while these issues may present challenges to the democratic process in Nigeria, they do not necessarily render the entire country a “failing state.”

It is important to recognize that Nigeria is a complex and diverse country with a population of over 200 million people, and it is important to avoid making sweeping generalizations or simplistic conclusions about its overall performance. The country has made significant progress in many areas such as economy, education, and infrastructure. The government has also been making efforts to address the issues of electoral misconduct and security agency misconduct, and I believe that ongoing efforts to strengthen democratic institutions and rule of law will continue to improve the situation.

It is also important to consider the contributions and perspectives of other stakeholders in the country, including citizens, non-political organizations, and the private sector, in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing the country and possible solutions.

Opposition Party

As an opposition candidate in Nigeria, I agree with Mr. Peter Obi that there have been a variety of irregularities in the electoral and legal systems, as well as illegal activities by some security agencies that have aided and abetted politicians during election periods. These issues are of great concern, as they undermine the democratic process and can lead to a lack of trust in government institutions.

However, I would also argue that these issues, along with other challenges facing the country, do contribute to the country being considered a “failing state.” High levels of corruption, insecurity, poverty, and unemployment, as well as poor infrastructure, inadequate access to basic services, and a lack of opportunities for citizens to fully participate in the political process, are all contributing factors to a country that is not functioning well.

I believe that it is important for the government to take concrete steps to address these issues and to promote transparency, accountability, and good governance. This includes measures to strengthen democratic institutions and to ensure that the rule of law is upheld. Additionally, the government should be more responsive to the needs of the citizens and should take a more inclusive approach to governance, engaging with a wide range of stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, to find solutions to the country’s problems.

A Nigerian

As a Nigerian, I understand the concerns raised by Mr. Peter Obi about the potential irregularities in the electoral and legal systems, as well as illegal activities by some security agencies that have aided and abetted politicians during election periods. These issues are of great concern, as they can undermine the democratic process and lead to a lack of trust in government institutions.

It is true that the term “failing state” is subjective and can have different interpretations, however, it is also true that Nigeria has been facing a number of serious challenges in recent years, including high levels of corruption, insecurity, poverty, unemployment, poor infrastructure and inadequate access to basic services. These issues, combined with the electoral misconduct, do contribute to a country that is not functioning well, and it is important for the government to take concrete steps to address them.

I believe that the government should be more responsive to the needs of the citizens and should take a more inclusive approach to governance, engaging with a wide range of stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, to find solutions to the country’s problems. Additionally, measures to strengthen democratic institutions and to ensure that the rule of law is upheld, will go a long way in addressing the issues.

Filecoin (FIL), Near Protocol (NEAR), and Snowfall Protocol (SNW) Ushering in a New Era of Metaverse

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Last year marked a new milestone in the world of crypto. A grand total of 21,000+ cryptos have been launched so far, among which approximately 9,000 cryptos continue to thrive. Although more than half of all crypto projects ever launched have stopped existing, things are not so bad. Most of the failed projects tend to be poor imitations of established cryptos like Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH), and do not offer any unique value. That’s why it was pleasant to see new utility tokens with unique benefits hitting the crypto market over the past few years.

Filecoin (FIL), Snowfall Protocol (SNW), and Near Protocol (NEAR) are such utility cryptos with unique offerings. These cryptos are creating the foundation for an open, democratic, and decentralized metaverse that exists for the people and not merely use them as cattle fodder for marketers and tech giants.

Snowfall Protocol (SNW) is Building an Internet of Cryptocurrencies

Presently, different crypto projects operate as siloed units with their own ecosystems. For instance, crypto users cannot transfer their Decentraland NFTs to The Sandbox or vice versa; at least, they cannot do it easily. Snowfall Protocol (SNW) connects all major blockchains and enables the transfer of assets and funds between them. So, crypto users would not be segregated into islands of ecosystems but move freely across the entire metaverse spanning all major cryptos.

Despite the cold winds of crypto winter bearing on it, Snowfall Protocol (SNW) has managed to raise $3 million in funds from crypto users. Between the early presale and stage 3 sale, its native token SNW has shot up in price by 400%. As Snowfall Protocol (SNW) races towards its upcoming launch, Snowfall Protocol (SNW) continues to gain in value.

Filecoin (FIL) Building a Decentralized Cloud Storage

Filecoin (FIL) is the De-Fi answer to AWS, Google Cloud, and other cloud storage solutions. Filecoin is a decentralized, peer-to-peer storage network that allows enterprising individuals to offer storage services for a fee. Users can pick the storage provider of their choice and storage their files in the distributed Filecoin cloud. Filecoin uses a public, trustless system that utilizes proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime to verify the persistent storage of user data by the storage provider.

The vision of an open and free metaverse would come to fruition when no single entity is responsible for storing and accessing users’ data, unlike the case with Dropbox, for instance. Filecoin brings decentralization to cloud storage, which is traditionally dominated by a handful of tech giants. On Filecoin, the power to decide what happens to the storage platform rests with the community and not with a profit-minded, politically motivated tech giant.

Near Protocol (NEAR) Creating a Decentralized Cloud Computing Platform

Near Protocol (NEAR) is a highly scalable and decentralized cloud computing solution. Near Protocol is to cloud computing what Filecoin is to cloud storage. Near Protocol makes it virtually effortless for developers to launch new dApps on the platform. Near Protocol uses human-readable addresses to make this possible. Additionally, Near Protocol developers don’t have to struggle with learning new programming languages. They can use built-in tools and resources on Near Protocol to equip their apps with the platform’s extensive features. Easy-to-read documentation makes the entire process easy. Near Protocol’s offering makes it a cornerstone of a democratic and decentralized Web3 and metaverse.

 

Website: https://snowfallprotocol.io

Telegram: https://t.me/snowfallcoin

Presale: https://presale.snowfallprotocol.io

Twitter: https://twitter.com/snowfallcoin