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China’s Refined Fuel Exports Hit 13-Month High as Diesel Leads Surge

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China’s refined fuel exports continued their strong run in July, with shipments of diesel, gasoline, aviation fuel, and marine fuel climbing 7.1% year on year to 5.34 million tons, according to customs data released Friday, reported by Reuters.

The figure marked the highest monthly total since June 2024, underlining Beijing’s reliance on fuel exports to ease a domestic supply glut amid weaker local consumption.

The July numbers extend the momentum seen in June and reflect a broader shift in China’s energy trade dynamics. Refineries, already operating at high capacity, have increasingly looked to overseas markets to absorb excess supply, particularly as the domestic economy struggles with sluggish industrial activity and tepid consumer demand.

Diesel drives the surge. Diesel exports recorded the most striking growth, surging 53.2% year on year to 820,000 tons in July — their highest level since September 2024. Despite this rebound, diesel exports for the first seven months of 2025 were down sharply, falling 37.7% to 3.63 million tons compared to the same period last year. Analysts say this volatility reflects fluctuating domestic demand and China’s export quota system, which heavily influences refiners’ ability to send products abroad.

Gasoline and aviation fuel also strengthen. Gasoline shipments stood at 930,000 tons in July, an 18.6% increase year on year, though exports in the January-to-July period slipped 15.6% to 4.82 million tons. Aviation fuel exports rose 10.9% to 1.97 million tons in July, reaching their highest monthly level since March 2025. Cumulatively, aviation fuel exports climbed 4.3% in the first seven months of 2025 to 11.92 million tons, pointing to steady international travel demand that has supported refiners’ output.

LNG imports remain under pressure. On the import side, liquefied natural gas shipments declined 6.7% year on year in July to 5.44 million tons, highlighting persistent weakness in domestic energy consumption. However, imports did increase from June, hitting their highest level since January 2025 — a sign that utilities and industrial users may be cautiously restocking ahead of the peak winter demand season.

Strategic backdrop. China’s fuel trade reflects deeper shifts in its energy strategy. The government has been managing refining quotas to balance the competing goals of maintaining refinery operations, supporting state-owned oil majors, and avoiding a domestic fuel glut. Strong exports also help Beijing absorb some of the impact of slowing domestic growth, which has weighed on oil demand this year.

Globally, China’s robust refined fuel shipments are adding supply to regional markets, particularly in Asia, where refiners in Singapore and South Korea are already competing in a tight margin environment. With diesel exports jumping, market analysts warn that refining margins in Asia could face further downward pressure.

At the same time, the dip in LNG imports underscores Beijing’s ongoing efforts to diversify energy sources and control costs, even as it works toward its long-term climate goals.

Substack Bypasses Apple’s In-App Payments, Opening Door to Cheaper Subscriptions for Readers

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Newsletter subscription platform Substack has announced it will begin using Apple’s new rule that allows apps in the U.S. App Store to link users to external payment systems, a change that stems from Epic Games’ long-running antitrust battle with the tech giant.

The shift means Substack subscribers can now pay creators directly through web-based transactions without Apple’s 30% commission fee eating into revenue. For creators, this translates to higher earnings and more control over pricing. For readers, it means cheaper subscription options, since Substack says iOS subscription prices will now be automatically adjusted upward only if processed through Apple’s in-app purchasing system (IAP). Creators, however, retain the ability to disable this pricing adjustment.

“Support for external payments will benefit both creators and their readers,” Substack explained. “Consumers will now have the option to choose between Apple’s system or direct web payments, all without leaving the app.”

The move puts Substack in the company of Spotify, Patreon, and Amazon Kindle, all of which have begun steering users toward external payment options since Apple was forced to loosen its App Store rules in May. That change followed a U.S. court ruling in Epic Games’ lawsuit against Apple, where the court found Apple’s prior ban on external links was anti-competitive.

For Substack, which has more than 30,000 publications offering in-app subscriptions, the implications are significant. The company said early testing of the expanded payment options has already led to a boost in paid sign-ups, though it declined to share exact figures. Substack also announced migration tools to help writers shift existing subscribers from Apple’s system to its own. The platform will continue taking its 10% cut on subscriptions, but only on the base web subscription price.

The changes will apply only to new subscriptions purchased through the app. Existing Substack writers don’t need to take action unless they want to offer discounts for those who continue using Apple’s system. Importantly, Apple still requires apps to provide IAP as an option and does not allow developers to fully opt out.

While this new policy applies to the U.S. App Store, Substack said it is still “evaluating” whether it makes sense to extend the changes to the European Union and the U.K., where Apple faces stricter and more complex rules under the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and U.K. competition regulations.

Industry analysts note that Substack’s decision underscores how the Epic Games ruling has begun reshaping the digital subscription economy. By bypassing Apple’s commission-heavy ecosystem, platforms like Substack are creating pricing flexibility that could drive greater adoption of direct-to-creator models—something smaller publishers and independent writers have long pushed for.

The Legal Battle

In 2020, Epic Games sued Apple, accusing the iPhone maker of running an unlawful monopoly by forcing developers to use its payment system and charging commissions as high as 30%. Epic deliberately provoked the fight by enabling a direct-payment option in Fortnite that bypassed Apple’s system, prompting Apple to kick the game off the App Store.

The lawsuit became one of the most closely watched tech legal battles in recent years. In 2021, Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers ruled that while Apple was not a monopoly under federal antitrust law, its App Store practices were anti-competitive. The court ordered Apple to allow developers to steer customers to external payment systems. But Apple didn’t.

On April 30, 2025, U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers ruled that Apple had violated a 2021 court order that barred the company from preventing developers from informing users about alternative payment methods. The judge declared that Apple had “not made a good faith effort to comply” with the injunction and referred the tech giant to the U.S. Justice Department for potential contempt proceedings.

Judge Rogers also ruled that Apple cannot charge developers for purchases made outside of its App Store, a major blow to the company’s longstanding revenue model. This ruling directly opened the path for Epic to return Fortnite to the App Store under its own payment terms.

Epic’s broader battle is still ongoing, with both sides claiming partial victories, but the rulings have already reshaped the global app economy. Substack’s move is the latest proof of that impact.

Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong recalls Reagan and Lee Kuan Yew as inspiration for banning political talk at work

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Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong has revealed that he drew inspiration from two world leaders—former U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Singapore’s founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew—when making one of the most controversial decisions of his career: banning political discussions at his crypto exchange in 2020.

Speaking on an episode of Jack Altman’s Uncapped podcast, Armstrong said he turned to history as he wrestled with how to present the decision to Coinbase employees at a time when the United States was in turmoil following the killing of George Floyd. Nationwide protests against police brutality had spilled into corporate boardrooms, with many companies encouraging staff to engage in political dialogue. Armstrong, however, took the opposite path.

He said he looked to Reagan’s defining moment in 1981, when the then-president fired more than 11,000 striking air traffic controllers in a move that was widely criticized but later seen as a demonstration of firm leadership.

“I watched a couple of speeches, actually, in the run-up to that, which gave me a little bit of confidence,” Armstrong said.

He also pointed to Lee Kuan Yew’s stance during labor unrest at Singapore Airlines in the 1980s, recalling how the leader told the pilots’ union that Singapore’s survival required toughness.

“Whoever governs Singapore must have that iron in him, or give it up,” Lee once said. Armstrong suggested that such examples gave him the resolve to follow through on his own controversial policy.

When he finally addressed Coinbase staff, Armstrong admitted it was far from easy.

“I remember getting in front of the company, and my voice was cracking and my leg was shaking, and I almost couldn’t get through it, presenting it to the company,” he said. “But ultimately it turned out to be one of the best things we ever did.”

In September 2020, Armstrong publicly explained that political debates were a “distraction” and that the company could not risk internal strife at a time when it was scaling rapidly. He cited Google and Facebook as cautionary tales, saying their productivity had been undermined by internal divisions.

“We’ve seen what internal strife at companies like Google and Facebook can do to productivity, and there are many smaller companies who have had their own challenges here,” Armstrong wrote at the time. “I believe most employees don’t want to work in these divisive environments.”

The decision triggered strong backlash across Silicon Valley. Then-Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey questioned how a crypto company, built on ideals of decentralization and freedom, could ban political discussion. Former Twitter CEO Dick Costolo went further, writing on X (then Twitter): “This isn’t great leadership. It’s the abdication of leadership. It’s the equivalent of telling your employees to ‘shut up and dribble.’”

Despite the criticism, Armstrong pressed ahead, offering exit packages to employees who disagreed. About 60 workers—roughly 5% of Coinbase’s workforce at the time—chose to leave.

Looking back five years later, Armstrong framed the decision as a defining test of leadership.

“If you’re in a position of leadership, it will occasionally become necessary for you to do something really difficult, which will piss off some large group of people, but it’s the right thing to do for the company,” he said.

“And so these moments present themselves to you. And when I did it, I had no idea I would be talking about it five years later.”

Binance Lists USELESS for Perpetual Futures as Hyperliquid Achieves Record-Breaking Goal and Surpassing Circle in 24-hour Revenue

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Binance Futures launched the USELESSUSDT perpetual contract on August 15, 2025, at 12:15 UTC, offering up to 50x leverage. The listing led to a 6% surge in the USELESS price, reflecting strong market interest and increased trading activity.

USELESS, a meme token from the LetsBonk ecosystem, also saw over $311K in short liquidations, becoming the hourly liquidation leader. The token, already on Binance Alpha and Binance.US, rallied to a one-week high of $0.31.

Perpetual futures allow traders to speculate on price movements without owning the asset, attracting both retail and institutional investors. This amplifies trading opportunities and market exposure for USELESS, a low-cap memecoin from the LetsBonk ecosystem.

The listing reinforces the memecoin market’s characteristic volatility. USELESS, like other memecoins such as The AI Prophecy (ACT) and Peanut the Squirrel (PNUT), saw rapid price spikes post-listing, with some tokens surging over 200–1,000% in 2024.

The high leverage (50x) offered by Binance Futures can exacerbate price swings, as seen with the $316.65K in short liquidations for USELESS, creating short squeezes and rapid rallies. This volatility attracts speculative traders but poses risks for retail investors unprepared for sudden dumps.

USELESS, marketed as a “pointless” memecoin with no utility, thrives on community engagement and social media hype, a common trait among Solana-based memecoins. Its listing on Binance, a major exchange, validates its community-driven model and draws attention to the LetsBonk ecosystem, potentially fueling further speculative interest.

However, this reliance on sentiment makes memecoins like USELESS vulnerable to pump-and-dump schemes, as critics have alleged with Binance’s 2024 memecoin listings, where 80% of listed tokens saw significant post-listing surges.

Binance’s listing of low-cap memecoins like USELESS has sparked accusations of enabling pump-and-dump schemes that favor insiders. Critics, including Leonidas from Ord.io, argue that Binance targets low-cap tokens controlled by a few holders, allowing them to pay high listing fees and profit from rapid exits, harming retail investors.

The lack of transparency in Binance’s listing process and fees fuels skepticism, with calls for stricter criteria to protect investors from manipulative practices. Binance’s focus on memecoins, with 60% of its 2024 listings on Solana, reflects a shift toward prioritizing community support and popularity over traditional metrics like utility or market cap.

Impact of Memecoin Market Volatility on Crypto Accessibility

Memecoins like USELESS, with low initial prices (starting at $0.012 in May 2025), make crypto accessible to retail investors with limited capital. The low-cost, high-throughput Solana blockchain further reduces transaction fees, enabling broader participation compared to high-fee networks like Ethereum.

Memecoins’ lack of complex utility (e.g., USELESS’s “pointless” branding) appeals to newcomers who may find DeFi or utility-driven tokens intimidating. Their humor and community focus create an approachable entry point into crypto. The volatility of memecoins, exemplified by USELESS’s 2,175% year-to-date gain and post-listing surges, attracts speculative traders seeking quick profits.

High-profile listings on Binance amplify visibility, drawing in new users who view crypto as a high-risk, high-reward opportunity. This speculative allure can onboard users who might not otherwise engage with crypto, as seen with tokens like PNUT, which gained traction via viral narratives (e.g., Elon Musk’s endorsement).

The SEC’s view of memecoins as distinct from unregistered securities provides regulatory leeway, making them a safer entry point for retail investors wary of legal risks. However, ongoing scrutiny of Binance’s listing practices could lead to stricter regulations, potentially limiting accessibility if compliance costs rise.

While memecoins lower barriers for retail investors and attract new users through speculative appeal, they also expose participants to manipulation and losses, potentially undermining trust. For sustained accessibility, the crypto industry must balance memecoin-driven onboarding with transparent practices and investor protections to ensure long-term adoption without sacrificing market stability.

Hyperliquid Achieving a Record-Breaking Goal and Surpassing Circle in 24-hour Revenue Shows DeFi’s Resilience in the Crypto Market

Hyperliquid, a decentralized derivatives exchange, surpassed Circle in 24-hour revenue on August 15, 2025, in daily fees.

This milestone coincided with Hyperliquid achieving a record-breaking $29 billion in 24-hour trading volume, marking an all-time high for the platform. The surge in activity reflects growing user engagement and demand for on-chain derivatives trading.

Hyperliquid’s native token, HYPE, traded at $48.23, up 2% that day, with bullish momentum supported by strong on-chain metrics and institutional interest, including custody support from Anchorage Digital Bank. Hyperliquid surpassing Circle, a centralized stablecoin issuer, in daily fees highlights the growing competitiveness of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms.

It signals a shift in user preference toward on-chain derivatives trading, which offers transparency, lower counterparty risk, and permissionless access compared to centralized alternatives. Hyperliquid’s record-breaking $29 billion in 24-hour trading volume and $7.7 million in fees on August 15, 2025, reflect maturing DeFi infrastructure.

Platforms like Hyperliquid are now capable of handling institutional-grade volumes, challenging traditional finance’s grip on derivatives markets. Support from institutions like Anchorage Digital Bank for Hyperliquid’s HYPE token indicates growing confidence in DeFi’s scalability and regulatory potential. This could attract more institutional capital, further boosting liquidity and innovation.

Hyperliquid’s fee generation underscores the profitability of DeFi protocols. Unlike centralized entities like Circle, which rely on stablecoin issuance and reserve management, DeFi platforms generate revenue directly from user activity, creating sustainable economic models.

Circle’s stablecoin dominance (USDC) faces indirect pressure as DeFi platforms capture more trading volume and fees. If DeFi continues to scale, centralized players may need to innovate or integrate with decentralized systems to stay relevant.

How DeFi Growth is Accelerating

Layer-2 solutions and cross-chain interoperability (e.g., Arbitrum, where Hyperliquid operates) have reduced transaction costs and improved scalability. This enables DeFi platforms to handle high-frequency trading and complex derivatives, attracting both retail and institutional users.

DeFi’s user base is expanding due to its accessibility and yield opportunities. Hyperliquid’s 24-hour volume spike to $29 billion reflects growing retail and whale activity, driven by the allure of high leverage (up to 50x) and transparent markets.

DeFi’s total value locked (TVL) across protocols has been climbing, with estimates suggesting over $100 billion in 2025. Capital is flowing into yield-generating platforms, perpetual futures, and lending protocols, fueled by high returns and low barriers to entry.

While regulatory hurdles persist, jurisdictions like Singapore and the EU are crafting frameworks that legitimize DeFi. This reduces uncertainty, encouraging developers and investors to commit to the ecosystem. DeFi is expanding beyond simple swaps and lending.

Platforms like Hyperliquid offer sophisticated instruments like perpetual futures and options, rivaling centralized exchanges. This attracts traders seeking advanced strategies without custodial risks. Decentralized governance models empower users to shape protocols, fostering loyalty and innovation.

Hyperliquid’s community-driven approach, coupled with its native token HYPE’s 2% price increase on August 15, 2025, exemplifies this trend. Despite L2 advancements, network congestion and gas spikes during high volatility could hinder user experience. Global crackdowns on DeFi (e.g., potential U.S. restrictions) could slow growth if not navigated carefully.

Hacks and exploits remain a risk, with DeFi losses historically exceeding $1 billion annually. Hyperliquid’s feat is a microcosm of DeFi’s accelerating growth, driven by technological innovation, user adoption, and institutional interest. As DeFi platforms capture more market share from centralized finance, they reshape the financial landscape, though scalability and regulatory challenges must be addressed to sustain this momentum.

Citigroup’s Foray into Stablecoin Payment Services Reflects a Broader Trend of Institutional Adoption

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Citigroup is actively exploring the addition of payment services and custody for stablecoins, as well as custody services for cryptocurrency exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

This move is part of the bank’s broader strategy to expand into the digital asset space, driven by recent U.S. regulatory changes, particularly the GENIUS Act, which requires stablecoin issuers to back tokens with assets like U.S. Treasuries or cash.

Biswarup Chatterjee, global head of partnerships and innovation for Citigroup’s services division, indicated that the bank is prioritizing custody services for these high-quality assets backing stablecoins. Citigroup is also considering issuing its own stablecoin and is developing blockchain-based payment solutions, including tokenized U.S. dollar transfers for instant, 24/7 global transactions.

These efforts aim to streamline cross-border payments and compete with players like Coinbase, which currently dominates crypto ETF custody. Citigroup’s entry into stablecoin payment services and custody signals growing institutional interest in digital assets.

As a major global bank, Citigroup’s involvement lends credibility to stablecoins, potentially encouraging other traditional financial institutions to follow suit. This could accelerate mainstream adoption of cryptocurrencies, particularly stablecoins, which are seen as less volatile and more suitable for payments and settlements.

Citigroup’s move to offer custody for stablecoins and crypto ETFs challenges existing players like Coinbase, which currently dominates the crypto ETF custody market. Increased competition could drive innovation, lower fees, and improve service quality for institutional clients.

Citigroup’s blockchain-based payment solutions, including tokenized U.S. dollar transfers for instant, 24/7 global transactions, could disrupt traditional payment systems like SWIFT, which are slower and more costly. Stablecoin-based payments could reduce transaction costs and settlement times.

If Citigroup issues its own stablecoin, it could compete with major players like Tether (USDT) and Circle (USDC). A Citigroup-backed stablecoin would likely prioritize regulatory compliance, appealing to risk-averse institutional clients and potentially capturing significant market share.

The involvement of a reputable institution like Citigroup could boost confidence in stablecoins, addressing concerns about their stability and backing. This is particularly relevant given past controversies around stablecoin reserves (e.g., Tether’s transparency issues).

Institutional-grade custody services could mitigate risks associated with hacks and mismanagement, further stabilizing the stablecoin market. Stablecoins are becoming a cornerstone of the crypto market, with a total market cap exceeding $200 billion as of mid-2025 (based on recent trends).

The approval of spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs in the U.S. has spurred demand for custody services, as institutional investors require secure storage for digital assets. Citigroup’s entry into this space aligns with the growing popularity of crypto ETFs, which saw inflows of over $17 billion in 2024 alone (per recent data).

Blockchain-based payment systems are gaining traction as alternatives to traditional financial infrastructure. Projects like Ripple (XRP) and Stellar (XLM) focus on cross-border payments, and Citigroup’s tokenized U.S. dollar transfers align with this trend.

Stablecoins are integral to DeFi, enabling lending, borrowing, and trading without the volatility of other cryptocurrencies. Citigroup’s involvement could bridge traditional finance with DeFi, potentially leading to hybrid financial products that combine the benefits of both systems.

The growth of DeFi, with total value locked (TVL) exceeding $100 billion in 2025, underscores the increasing relevance of stablecoins in decentralized ecosystems. While stablecoins offer stability, the broader crypto market remains volatile, with Bitcoin and Ethereum experiencing significant price swings in 2024-2025.

By leveraging its expertise in traditional finance, Citigroup could enhance the credibility and efficiency of stablecoin ecosystems, driving competition and innovation. The broader market is moving toward greater integration with traditional finance, with stablecoins and blockchain-based payments at the forefront.