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NoSQL Database – Definition, Explanations and Types

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If you think databases are all of the relational SQL kind (MySQL, MS SQL and PostgreSQL), then you have got a lot of reading up to do. There has been a lot of “noise” about NoSQL databases in recent times.

 

What are NoSQL Databases? That was the question I asked, the first time I heard the term “NoSQL”.

 

The term “NoSQL” typically refers to non-relational, distributed databases that do not require fixed-table schemas. After a little bit of “googling”, I realized that the concept of “NoSQL” is not exactly new and has been around for quite a while. Two of the best known implementations of NoSQL databases are Amazon’s Dynamo and Google’s BigTable. NoSQL, basically, is like a rebellion against traditional Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). Dave Kellogg, in one of his blog articles, describes NoSQL as:

 

…an organic and rapidly-growing industry movement away from relational databases, driven by a number of factors including both technology and cost.

 

For quite a while, Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) such as IBM DB2, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, and Oracle, have been the dominant model for database management. But today, non-relational, “cloud”, or “NoSQL” databases are beginning to gain recognition as an alternative model for database management. In fact, some organizations that collect large amounts of unstructured data are increasingly turning to nonrelational databases.

 

On a basic level, there are three popular types of NoSQL databases:

 

Key-value stores: data is stored as key-value pairs such that values are indexed for retrieval by keys. These systems can hold structured and unstructured data. An example is Amazon’s SimpleDB.

 

Column-oriented Databases: contain one extendable column of closely related data rather than sets of information in a strictly structured table of columns and rows as is found in relational databases. The ColumnFamily databases stem from Google’s internally-used BigTable. Some other examples are Cassandra, HBase, and Hypertable.

 

Document-based Stores: data is stored and organized as a collection of documents. Users are allowed to add any number of fields of any length to a document. They tend to store JSON-based documents in their databases. Examples of document databases include MongoDB, Riak, Apache CouchDB, and SimpleDB.

Afritedia – The eLibrary of African Theses To Be Launched Next Week

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Afritedia (very slow, moving to a new server this week) is a free service of the non-profit African Institution of Technology (AFRIT).  Our vision is to ensure that no African academic, scholarly or relevant document is ever lost. From theses to African technology techniques, from legal notes to seminar papers, from student projects to working papers, etc, we want all data in this database.

 

Starting next week, you can post only your thesis or project abstract of summary without having to post the whole thesis. We are moving the site to a better server where it can be faster.

 

Posting could be done by the institution or by the researcher or student. This service is completely free. Should you need a mini-version of Afritedia in your school database, please contact the Team.

 

In line with our commitment to strengthen Africa’s digital ecosystem, we are running a promo of one free website, every month for one African institution or scholar – private or public. If you are interested, please contact the Team.

 

Africa – This is your tool. Our grandparents did not massively develop indigenous ways of writing (thanks Ethiopians), resulting to enormous loss of knowledge. Today, we cannot afford to be burning student theses and within few years, revisit a problem someone had solved. For progress and development, we need to collaborate and Afritedia is that platform.

 

Regards,

Afritedia Team

The Evil That Is A Touchscreen Device – The Programmer Dilemma

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As programmers, we tend to spend the greater part of our day typing characters on a screen using a regular keyboard. So what happens when a programmer gets hold of a touch screen device?

 

For me, it is quite difficult typing on a touchscreen device compared to the ease with which I type on a regular keyboard. On a typical computer keyboard, I type an average of 95-100 Words Per Minute (WPM). However, this speed is drastically reduced when I find myself having to use a touchscreen device such as an iPhone or an iPad. Just like Jeff Atwood put it, the minute I switch from a touchscreen device to a regular keyboard, I go from being Usain Bolt to The Flash. In fact, it is even easier for me to type on a phone with a tiny QWERTY keyboard than it is for me to type on an iPad or iPhone.

 

People who use touchscreen devices might testify to the fact that they tend to avoid having to create long strings of text and more often than not, leave their text compositions to the fate ascribed to them by whatever predictive text technology exists on the devices. Often, the predictive text system on a touchscreen device might not adequately produce words that relay the intended message. In fact, most people who use touchscreen devices are lazy typists and it is sometimes a pain to have to read (and understand) the text messages or other correspondence they produce.

 

So, really, what’s the problem with touch computing? iPads and iPhones are beautiful devices no doubt, and touchscreen devices have a vital role to play in computing. I do not hate the iPad. In fact, one wonderful thing about the iPad is the fact that it turns on instantly and does not have to go through any sort of complex boot sequence. However, devices like the iPad tend to turn us into voracious consumers of data and information rather than benevolent producers or creators of information.

 

On a mobile device with a QWERTY keyboard, I would probably create just as much data/information as I would consume. However, on an iPad I am very likely to consume data a whole lot more rapidly than I produce any, simply because of the way it is built. In fact, the iPad is so beautifully built without a keyboard that even if you originally intended to get some work done (especially if it involved creating large amounts of text), your mind is quickly changed once you get a grip of the device. Once you get your hands on such a device, you would probably just decide to play games, watch videos and passively surf the Internet instead. Furthermore, due to the lazy typing syndrome touchscreen devices tend to infect us with, our ability to create quality (text) content is often quite effectively hampered.

 

Scott Adams, in his blog, asked the following pertinent question and gave a probable answer which I found to be quite thought-provoking:

 

What happens when people become trained to think of information and entertainment as something they receive and not something they create? I think this could be a fork in the road for human evolution. Perhaps in a million years, humans will feel no conversational obligation to entertain or provide useful information.

 

I think we all need to sing the praises of the humble keyboard. Like Jeff Atwood said, the keyboard is “the device that, when combined with the internet, turns every human being into a highly efficient global printing press.” With the help of a full-sized keyboard, and the Internet, I have been able to create this blog post (in a matter of minutes) that can be viewed by anyone, anywhere. I have successfully become quite an efficient global printing press. I cannot even begin to imagine having to type this on a touchscreen device, whether an iPad, an iPhone or whatever.

 

For a programmer, it is absolutely important to be have superb typing skills. Jeff Atwood has said that “if you want to become a great programmer, start by becoming a great typist”. An obsession with touchscreen devices definitely would not help. I sincerely believe we are typists first, then programmers second. Being able to type, and how important it is to a programmer’s career would definitely be the subject of another blog article, probably the next.

Build Your Webinality – 9 Ways of Standing Out in the Web

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The following are some suggestions on how to build a professional online persona. It is establishing your web personality (webinality)

Presence: Open at least one social media or blog account.

Specialize:  Define an area of interest and build around it. A five-minute online search should reveal what you represent. You need to differentiate yourself and showcase your core skills and unique capabilities to potential hiring managers.

Accuracy: Always remember that once that post goes online, you may not control who sees it. If you lie on your accomplishments, your classmate or co-worker is just an IP address away from challenging it. Make it accurate – always, otherwise, you will destroy your persona.

Comprehensive: While blog should be short, once in a while, develop comprehensive articles in your field and post them online. It could mean expanding a class project you worked on, adding more contents, and fully proving your expertise. Half-baked contents will not take you too far.

Judgment: What you post or share online defines who you are. Your profile defines you – values, interests and reliability. For employers, they want reliable team leaders and you must not offer less in your web personality.

Vertical Integration: Seek to connect with people ahead of you professionally while building a horizontally network.

Generosity: Share and exchange good ideas. Invite people to your network and be generous to promote good ideas from others. Write professional reviews on books, journals and articles. In no distant time, people will reward you.

Policy Matters: If you are working, ensure you adhere to policies on using the company’s name online. There is a threat that you could be a source of data leakage that can hurt competitiveness. Your profile must not be another portrait of your employer – you must be wise to separate both, where necessary.

Continuity:  Professional online branding is a continuous work-in-progress that requires constant tune-ups of networks, contents and profiles. It must be constantly nurtured.

Are Things This Bad in Airtel? Layoffs Loom

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We got this piece from Indian Economic Times

 

Last June, both Sunil Mittal and Bharti Airtel were the toast of the town. The $9-billion acquisition of Zain Africa transformed the 53-year-old Mittal into a global entrepreneur. And it made Airtel the fifth largest mobile operator in the world, with a footprint in 19 countries.

 

Exactly a year later, things look drastically different. Airtel’s profits have fallen for five quarters in a row, unprecedented for a company that set benchmarks for record growth and profits in the past. It is losing revenue and market share in India. And the latest, as reported by ET on June 25, is that Airtel India is undertaking a major operational restructuring — a move that could affect almost 2,000 jobs. The company responded on Saturday saying the restructuring won’t affect many jobs.

 

[…]

 

The bad news from Africa — both on costs and timelines — has come as a bigger surprise. Africa-based experts point to three things. One, the company underestimated the level of complexity and set unrealistically aggressive targets. Two, Zain had made little investment in infrastructure in the African operations.

 

You can continue reading the article here.