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The Father of Algebra - Al-Khwarizmi

Many people have heard of Egypt's famously lost Library of Alexandria, but how many people know about Baghdad's House of Wisdom? As BBC Future relates, the 8th century Islamic academy drew scholars from far and wide in its heyday when it was headed by the great Al-Khwarizmi, the influential Persian intellect, inventor of algebra, and namesake of the resurgently vogue word "algorithm." When the Mongols seized Baghdad in 1258, they destroyed the institution's legacy. "So many manuscripts were tossed into the River Tigris," writes BBC's Adrienne Bernhard, citing folklore, "that its water turned black from ink." (Fortune)