In this piece, I explore the transformation of the world through three distinct eras: Invention Society, Innovation Society, and Accelerated Society eras.

The Invention Society era, pre-1780s, marked by significant inventions in physics and chemistry, provided the foundations for modern science. But it had limited products and services for the needs of markets. Men and women discovered elements but could not make vaccines at scale, dying when epidemics struck.

After the Invention era was the Innovation era, which was characterized by mechanization, mass production, and the rise of producer services. In that age, products and services were created to solve problems in the markets. That era has existed to just about 2020.

At the moment, the Accelerated Society era with AI systems, autonomous machines, and a centralized economy, leading to technical-societal convergence and integration, is at the fledgling level. Technology systems are enabling interconnectedness which is highlighted by seamless global transactions and evolving social norms.

Indeed, these technological advancements foster trust and familiarity among strangers, diminishing traditional barriers and accelerating societal convergence. Yes, you can enter that Uber car without even making eye contact with the driver, and sleep in that Airbnb room in a stranger’s house! Those tech stacks have brought human elements together at scale, seeding economic acceleration, even though not everyone will benefit at the same level.

Developing nations are still operating as Invention Societies, known for ideas everywhere, but limited products and services to solve frictions in markets. Developed economies are transitioning from Innovation Societies to Accelerated Societies, at a rapid level, fueled by the emergence of AI systems.

In these two videos, I explain this developmental evolution, and why many nations remain as Invention Societies, despite latent abundance in the land. As you watch, you will see that inventions do not necessarily create wealth by fiat, what makes wealth happen is innovation which happens when the inventions (yes, ideas) have been turned into products and services to solve real problems in societies.

When a nation does not develop productive capabilities to make that transition from an invention to an innovation society,  it remains poor, despite the level of ideas in that economy.

Question: I enjoyed your lectures at Tekedia Institute. But Sir, could you explain why Nigeria keeps borrowing money? Is this ever going to stop in this decade?

My Response: I will respond as a teacher; you can of course reach out to your senator for a political response. I understand there is a new $2 billion oil-backed loan that the nation will be picking.  Please read the lecture notes on how I have classified the invention society, innovation society and accelerated society eras. 

Let me add one more thing, drawing from my junior secondary school lecture in agricultural science on Rev Malthus postulation. Malthus noted that resources (say food production) were growing in arithmetic progression and the population was on a geometric progression (more rapid and faster in multiples). He came up with an inflection point – called the Malthusian catastrophe –  and that happens when the population has overtaken the resources required to support the people. 

Typically, every great nation unlocks innovation to “create” more resources so that you will keep having more resources to support the growing population. At the basic state, all nations begin in the invention society era. The plot below shows how the US and China expanded the resources (here GDP) to support the rising populations. In other words, they shifted the equilibrium and avoided the Malthusian catastrophe via the parabolic growth which reversed centuries of economic stagnation.

For Nigeria, our unlocked resources via GDP, aggregate of all economic activities, have shrunk over the last few years due to many factors, including energy price, currency loss, etc. As that was happening, the population continued to grow, creating a double whammy where more people have to share lesser resources, seeding an imbalance where policies have moved from tactical to operational (Nigeria abandoned strategic policymaking many years ago), as every week is a crisis!

In my thesis as noted in the lecture material, Nigeria is still at the invention society era. So, to overcome this paralysis, it needs to move to the innovation society era.  In the lecture note, we explained the pillars and enablers for innovation. Unfortunately, for Nigeria, that transition has not happened. 

Consequently, it has to borrow hoping to “create” more resources to support the population. This is typical in most African economies as they remain stuck in the invention era and are unable to expand opportunities by moving into the innovation era. Loan provides that operational support and that is why Nigeria will keep taking loans.