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US SEC Offers Guidelines To Exchanges On Spot Bitcoin ETFs

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has given some guidance to exchanges that want to list spot Bitcoin ETFs, according to Bloomberg’s ETF analyst Eric Balchunas. In a tweet on Friday, Balchunas said that the SEC advised the exchanges to do cash creates for these products, which means that the ETFs would buy Bitcoin directly from the market instead of using a third-party custodian. Balchunas also said that the SEC asked the exchanges to file amendments in the next couple of weeks, indicating that the regulator is moving closer to approving spot Bitcoin ETFs.

ETFs, or exchange-traded funds, are investment vehicles that track the performance of a basket of securities, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, or currencies. ETFs are traded on stock exchanges, just like individual stocks, and offer investors exposure to a diversified portfolio of assets with low fees and high liquidity.

This is a significant development for the crypto industry, as spot Bitcoin ETFs would allow investors to gain exposure to the actual price of Bitcoin, rather than its futures contracts. Futures-based Bitcoin ETFs, such as ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO) and Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BTF), have already launched in the U.S., but they have some drawbacks, such as higher fees, tracking errors, and rollover risks. Spot Bitcoin ETFs, on the other hand, would track the spot price of Bitcoin more accurately and efficiently, and potentially attract more institutional and retail demand.

However, spot Bitcoin ETFs are not without challenges either. The SEC has been reluctant to approve them due to concerns about market manipulation, fraud, custody, and liquidity in the crypto space. The SEC has also expressed doubts about whether Bitcoin is sufficiently decentralized and whether its price discovery is reliable. The SEC’s guidance to do cash creates for spot Bitcoin ETFs suggests that the regulator is trying to address some of these issues by ensuring that the ETFs have a direct connection to the underlying asset and do not rely on intermediaries.

The SEC’s guidance also implies that the regulator is not opposed to spot Bitcoin ETFs in principle, but rather wants to see more safeguards and transparency in their design and operation. This is consistent with the recent remarks by SEC Chair Gary Gensler, who said that he is open to considering spot Bitcoin ETFs if they meet the standards of the Investment Company Act of 1940, which governs mutual funds and ETFs. Gensler also said that he prefers that spot Bitcoin ETFs trade on exchanges that are registered with the SEC, rather than on platforms that are exempt from regulation.

One of the most popular types of ETFs are those that track the performance of a specific market index, such as the S&P 500, the Nasdaq 100, or the MSCI Emerging Markets. These are known as index ETFs, and they aim to replicate the returns of the underlying index by holding the same securities in the same proportions.

However, not all indexes are easy to replicate. Some indexes are composed of hundreds or thousands of securities, some of which may be illiquid, inaccessible, or subject to regulatory restrictions. For example, the MSCI China An Index includes over 4000 stocks listed on mainland China’s stock exchanges, which are subject to foreign ownership limits and capital controls. To overcome these challenges, some ETF providers use a technique called sampling, which involves selecting a representative subset of securities from the index that can capture its risk and return characteristics.

Another technique that some ETF providers use is called synthetic replication, which involves entering into a swap agreement with a counterparty, usually a bank or a broker-dealer, that agrees to pay the ETF the return of the index in exchange for a fee. The ETF does not hold any securities from the index, but instead holds a collateral basket of other securities that may or may not be related to the index. The swap agreement transfers the risk and return of the index from the counterparty to the ETF, without requiring the ETF to actually own the index securities.

Synthetic replication has some advantages over physical replication, such as lower tracking error, lower costs, and access to otherwise unavailable markets. However, it also introduces some risks, such as counterparty risk, collateral risk, and regulatory risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the swap provider defaults on its obligation to pay the ETF the index return. Collateral risk is the risk that the collateral basket held by the ETF loses value or becomes illiquid. Regulatory risk is the risk that the rules governing synthetic ETFs change or become more restrictive.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in launching spot ETFs, which are ETFs that track the spot price of commodities or currencies, rather than futures contracts or other derivatives. Spot ETFs aim to provide investors with a more direct and transparent exposure to the underlying asset, without the complexities and costs associated with futures trading, such as rollover, contango, backwardation, margin requirements, and leverage.

However, spot ETFs also face some challenges in obtaining regulatory approval and attracting investor demand. One of the main challenges is that spot ETFs may be considered collective investment schemes (CIS), rather than securities, under some jurisdictions.

CIS are subject to different and stricter regulations than securities, such as higher capital requirements, more disclosure obligations, and more investor protection measures. For example, in Hong Kong, spot ETFs are classified as CIS and require authorization from the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), which imposes stringent criteria on their structure, operation, and risk management.

Another challenge is that spot ETFs may have difficulty in providing sufficient liquidity and efficiency for investors. Unlike futures contracts, which are standardized and traded on centralized exchanges with clearing houses and market makers, spot commodities and currencies are traded on decentralized and fragmented markets with varying degrees of liquidity and transparency.

Spot ETFs may rely on third-party providers to facilitate their creation and redemption processes, which may involve higher costs and operational risks. Spot ETFs may also face competition from other investment products that offer similar or better exposure to spot prices, such as exchange-traded notes (ETNs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs), or physically backed ETFs.

The crypto industry and investors are eagerly awaiting the SEC’s decision on spot Bitcoin ETFs, which could come as soon as next month. Several applications are pending before the regulator, including those from VanEck, WisdomTree, NYDIG, Valkyrie, and Bitwise. If approved, spot Bitcoin ETFs could boost the adoption and legitimacy of Bitcoin and pave the way for more crypto-related products in the U.S. market.

George Weah Scores A Memorable GOAL in Liberia

By
Ndubuisi Ekekwe
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0

Goalkeepers hated him. Defenders despised him. His wizardry was unbounded. He was a legend in a land where you needed to be twice better to get half praise. George Weah was one of his generation’s finest footballers. He scored many goals – beautiful ones. I know that because as Sausa, ex-Secondary Technical Ovim’s football commentator and strategist with zero football skill, I do understand games, and Weah was peerless at his prime!

In 2019, I wrote that “King George has failed to score for Liberia recently. The football-turned-politician is the President of Liberia. His government has been accused of being clueless, political ineptitude and even corruption. In short, he has scored many own-goals – poverty and youth unemployment are up.”

But like the legendary George Weah known for his mercurial football vision and dribbling skills, he has scored a memorable GOAL in Liberia: he conceded the free and fair presidential election which he lost. Mr. Weah, that is the goal of the World Cup of National Progress. #Respect!

Liberia President George Weah on Friday conceded election defeat to opposition leader Joseph Boakai after a tight race, ending a presidency marred by graft allegations but helping to ensure a smooth transition of power in the once volatile African nation.

Boakai, 78, a former vice president who lost to Weah in the 2017 election, led with 50.9% of the vote over Weah’s 49.1%, with nearly all the votes counted, the country’s elections commission said on Friday.

The Impact of the Credit Rating Downgrade on Borrowing Costs

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0

A credit rating is an assessment of the creditworthiness of a borrower, such as a government, a corporation, or an individual. It reflects the likelihood that the borrower will repay its debt obligations on time and in full. Credit ratings are assigned by independent agencies, such as Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, and Fitch, based on various factors, such as the borrower’s financial strength, economic outlook, political stability, and debt burden.

A credit rating downgrade is a negative change in the credit rating of a borrower, indicating that the borrower’s credit risk has increased. A downgrade can have significant implications for the borrower’s borrowing costs, as well as its access to capital markets. In this blog post, we will discuss how a credit rating downgrade affects the borrowing costs of different types of borrowers, and what strategies they can adopt to mitigate the impact.

Borrowing costs refer to the interest rate or yield that a borrower has to pay to borrow money from lenders or investors. Borrowing costs depend on various factors, such as the supply and demand of credit, the inflation expectations, the monetary policy, and the credit risk premium.

The credit risk premium is the additional return that lenders or investors require to lend or invest in a risky borrower, compared to a risk-free borrower. The credit risk premium is influenced by the credit rating of the borrower, as well as other market conditions.

A credit rating downgrade increases the credit risk premium of the borrower, which in turn increases its borrowing costs. The magnitude of the increase depends on several factors, such as the severity of the downgrade, the initial credit rating level, the type of debt instrument, and the market sentiment. Generally speaking, the lower the initial credit rating level, the higher the sensitivity to a downgrade.

For example, a downgrade from AAA to AA+ may have a smaller impact than a downgrade from BBB- to BB+, which crosses the threshold from investment grade to speculative grade. Similarly, the longer the maturity of the debt instrument, the higher the sensitivity to a downgrade. For example, a downgrade may have a larger impact on a 10-year bond than on a 3-month bill.

The impact of a credit rating downgrade also varies across different types of borrowers. For sovereign borrowers, such as governments, a downgrade can increase their borrowing costs both domestically and internationally. A higher borrowing cost can worsen their fiscal position and debt sustainability and may trigger further downgrades or even default.

A sovereign downgrade can also have spillover effects on other borrowers within the same country, such as banks, corporations, and households, as they may face higher borrowing costs due to their perceived linkage with the sovereign risk. For example, during the European debt crisis in 2010-2012, several countries in the eurozone experienced sovereign downgrades that led to higher borrowing costs for their banks and corporations.

For corporate borrowers, such as companies, a downgrade can increase their borrowing costs both from banks and from bond markets. A higher borrowing cost can reduce their profitability and cash flow, and may affect their ability to invest, grow, or repay their debts.

A corporate downgrade can also have spillover effects on other borrowers within the same industry or sector, as they may face higher borrowing costs due to their perceived correlation with the industry or sector risk. For example, during the global financial crisis in 2008-2009, several financial institutions experienced corporate downgrades that led to higher borrowing costs for other financial institutions.

For individual borrowers, such as consumers or households, a downgrade can increase their borrowing costs both from banks and from non-bank lenders. A higher borrowing cost can reduce their disposable income and consumption spending and may affect their ability to service their mortgages or other debts.

An individual downgrade can also have spillover effects on other borrowers within the same community or region, as they may face higher borrowing costs due to their perceived association with the community or region risk. For example, during the subprime mortgage crisis in 2007-2008, several homeowners experienced individual downgrades that led to higher borrowing costs for other homeowners.

The adoption and legitimacy of Bitcoin

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that operates without the need for a central authority or intermediary. It was created in 2009 by an anonymous person or group using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin uses a peer-to-peer network to verify transactions and secure the network from malicious attacks. Bitcoin transactions are recorded in a public ledger called the blockchain, which ensures transparency and accountability.

Bitcoin has been gaining popularity and acceptance as a form of payment and investment in recent years. According to CoinMarketCap, as of November 18, 2023, there are over 21 million bitcoins in circulation, with a market capitalization of over $1.2 trillion. Bitcoin is accepted by thousands of merchants and service providers worldwide, including major companies like Microsoft, PayPal, Starbucks, and Tesla. Bitcoin is also recognized as a legal tender in some countries, such as El Salvador, Japan, and Switzerland.

One of the main advantages of Bitcoin is that it is immune to inflation and debt. Unlike fiat currencies, which are controlled by governments and central banks, Bitcoin has a fixed supply of 21 million units that will ever be created. This means that no one can manipulate the value of Bitcoin by printing more money or creating artificial scarcity. Bitcoin also has a transparent and predictable issuance rate, which is determined by an algorithm and decreases over time until the final bitcoin is mined around the year 2140.

Bitcoin can also help people escape from debt and financial repression. Many countries around the world suffer from high levels of debt, either public or private, that are unsustainable and burden future generations. Some governments resort to measures such as currency devaluation, capital controls, bailouts, or confiscation of assets to deal with their debt problems, but these often harm the ordinary citizens and erode their purchasing power and savings.

Bitcoin, on the other hand, offers a way for people to store and transfer value that is independent of any government or institution, and that cannot be seized or censored. Bitcoin users can also benefit from lower transaction fees, faster settlement times, and greater financial inclusion than traditional payment systems.

Therefore, Bitcoin can be seen as a legitimate alternative to fiat currencies, especially in times of economic turmoil and uncertainty. Bitcoin offers a sound and scarce form of money that is resistant to inflation and debt, and that empowers individuals to control their own finances. Bitcoin also has the potential to foster innovation and competition in the global financial system, and to challenge the status quo of centralization and corruption.

 

Fnality Raises $95M, Mocaverse partners with Amazon AWS, Microsoft Launches Loop

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0

Blockchain firm Fnality International, which aims to create a global network of digital currencies backed by central banks, has raised $95 million in a new funding round led by Goldman Sachs.

Fnality, founded in 2019 by a consortium of 15 financial institutions, including UBS, Barclays, BNY Mellon and Santander, is developing a platform that will enable the issuance and exchange of digital versions of five major fiat currencies: the US dollar, the euro, the British pound, the Canadian dollar and the Japanese yen.

The company says its platform will reduce costs and risks for cross-border payments, settlements and clearing, as well as enable new use cases for tokenized assets and decentralized finance (DeFi).

The new funding round, which also saw participation from existing investors such as Nasdaq, Clearmatics and ConsenSys, brings Fnality’s total capital raised to date to $174 million. The company plans to use the funds to accelerate its development and regulatory approval process, as well as to expand its team and partnerships.

Fnality’s CEO, Rhomaios Ram, said in a statement: “We are delighted to have completed our latest funding round with such strong support from both new and existing investors. This is a testament to the progress we have made since our inception and the potential of our platform to transform the future of finance. We are grateful for the trust and confidence that our investors have placed in us and look forward to working with them to bring our vision to life.”

Goldman Sachs’ Global Head of Digital Assets, Mathew McDermott, who joined Fnality’s board of directors as part of the deal, said: “We are excited to lead this investment round in Fnality and to support their mission of creating a more efficient and inclusive financial system. We believe that blockchain technology has the potential to unlock significant value for our clients and the broader economy, and we are committed to advancing innovation and adoption in this space.”

Mocaverse, a leading platform for creating and monetizing digital collectibles, has announced the launch of a Web3 accelerator program in collaboration with Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Polygon Labs. The accelerator aims to support innovative projects that leverage blockchain technology, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and decentralized applications (dApps) to create immersive and engaging experiences for users.

The Web3 accelerator will provide selected projects with access to Mocaverse’s suite of tools and services, including its NFT marketplace, its creator dashboard, its smart contract framework, and its user-friendly wallet. Additionally, the projects will benefit from AWS’s cloud infrastructure, Polygon’s scalable and secure layer-2 solution, and mentorship from industry experts and investors.

The accelerator is open to applications from startups, developers, artists, and creators who have a vision for building the next generation of Web3 applications. The program will run for 12 weeks, starting from January 2024, and will culminate in a demo day where the projects will showcase their products to potential partners and investors.

Mocaverse’s CEO, said: “We are thrilled to launch this Web3 accelerator with AWS and Polygon Labs, two of the most trusted and respected names in the blockchain space. We believe that Web3 is the future of the internet, and we want to empower creators and innovators to bring their ideas to life using our platform. We are looking for projects that are not only technologically advanced, but also have a strong social impact and a clear value proposition for users.”

AWS’s Head of Blockchain, said: “AWS is committed to supporting the development of Web3 applications that leverage the power of the cloud and blockchain. We are excited to partner with Mocaverse and Polygon Labs to provide the accelerator participants with access to our world-class cloud services, such as Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, Amazon DynamoDB, and Amazon Managed Blockchain. We hope that this program will help accelerate the adoption of Web3 technologies and foster a more open, transparent, and inclusive internet.”

Polygon Labs’s said they are proud to join forces with Mocaverse and AWS to launch this Web3 accelerator. Polygon is the leading layer-2 solution for Ethereum, offering fast, cheap, and secure transactions for dApps and NFTs. We are eager to see what kind of innovative and creative projects will emerge from this program, and how they will leverage Polygon’s technology to enhance their user experience and scalability.

Microsoft Launches Loop, a Notion-Like Collaboration App

Microsoft has officially launched its productivity and collaboration app, Loop, bearing similarities to the popular Notion platform.

Loop provides flexible and collaborative workspaces, allowing users to cooperate seamlessly on various tasks. The interface closely resembles Notion, including features such as quick access to tools and formatting options using the forward slash key.

Built by Microsoft, Loop offers integrations with other Microsoft software, enabling users to share portions of Loop pages across apps like Teams Chat and Outlook. This integration aims to enhance collaboration without the need for constant app-switching. Microsoft’s AI-powered Copilot assistant is also available within Loop, assisting with tasks like drafting text and summarizing pages.

Loop is now available for commercial customers on web and mobile platforms, with the mobile app also accessible to consumer customers. Although the consumer version of Loop on the web remains in public preview, its official launch signifies Microsoft’s commitment to providing a versatile and integrated tool for collaborative work.

What is Microsoft Loop?

Microsoft Loop introduces a co-creation experience, bringing together teams, content, and tasks across tools and devices. It features a canvas and portable components for easy movement and synchronization, enabling teams to think, plan, and create together.

Microsoft Loop comprises three main components:

Loop Components: Portable content pieces that synchronize across various platforms, facilitating real-time collaboration. Components like lists and tables can be used in Loop pages, chats, emails, meetings, or documents.

Loop Pages: These act as canvases for bringing together people, components, links, tasks, and data. Loop pages can be shared across Microsoft 365 apps as links or embedded as Loop components.

Loop Workspaces: Shared spaces that provide organized views of project details, simplifying progress tracking and enabling easy catch-up on contributions toward shared goals.

How to Access Loop?

Loop is accessible on the web, iOS, and Android. Loop components are compatible with applications such as Teams, Outlook, Word for the Web, and Whiteboard.

Is Microsoft Loop Free?

During the Public Preview phase, the Microsoft Loop app is available at no charge for personal Microsoft Accounts. However, there are quantitative limits on Loop workspace usage for personal accounts, including a maximum workspace size of 5 GB, a limit of 5 workspaces created by one user, and a cap of 50 members in a workspace.

Alibaba lost more than $22 billion in market value Friday after the company unexpectedly reversed its decision to list its cloud business, reports Bloomberg. It’s a major blow for the Chinese tech giant at a time when it’s already been struggling to bounce back from the pandemic and a tech industry crackdown in China. Another obstacle: the Biden administration’s export restrictions on chips used for AI, which the U.S. says could have military applications and which also power the cloud unit. Alibaba has been focusing heavily on artificial intelligence; its cloud unit serves about 80% of China’s tech companies, per Bloomberg.(LinkedIn News)

Provisions Of The Insurance Web Aggregator Guidelines, Registration & Share Capital Of Insurance Companies In Nigeria

By
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Ogbuka
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0

Notable Provisions Of The Web Aggregator Operational Guidelines In Nigeria

The Web Aggregator Operational Guidelines as prescribed by the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) will be the focus of this article and were designed to serve as a working document to register, supervise and monitor web aggregators as Insurance intermediaries who maintain websites for providing information on products of different insurers. 

We will thus be looking at the provisions of these guidelines in detail.

What is the application scope of the guidelines?

– The guidelines shall apply to web aggregators and insurers respectively carrying on insurance business in Nigeria.

What is the procedure for registration and approval under the guidelines?

– Applications and/or No Objections are required in 2 stages as follows :-

1). An appplication for the issuance of “No Objections” by NAICOM to insurance operators (insurers/brokers). 

2). An application for the issuance of an operating license to Web Aggregators by NAICOM.

For applications of issuance of no objections to insurance operators by NAICOM :-

– Any insurer who intends to carry on a web-based insurance business shall make an application to the commission in the prescribed manner .

– An applicant having satisfied the requirements set out under extant laws & these guidelines, the NAICOM will grant a “No Objection” with such conditions as it may deem fit.

– This application shall be accompanied with the following :- 

a). An application letter with a Service Level Agreement (SLA) signed with a web aggregator, whom it intends to partner with.

b). A copy of the appointment letter issued by the insurer to the web aggregator.

c). A board approval or resolution in support of such partnership.

d). A copy of the applicant’s risk management framework on web aggregator operations.

Regarding an application for the issuance of a license by NAICOM to a web aggregator the guidelines state the following :-

– An applicant who intends to register as a web aggregator shall make an application through its legal representative to NAICOM in the prescribed manner outlined by the guidelines.

– The registration of a web aggregator shall be in 3 stages with the following requirements :-

Stage 1

a). A copy of a No Objection/Approval issued by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC).

b). A copy of a letter of appointment issued to the web aggregator from its named insurers and brokers.

c). A copy of SLAs with named insurers/brokers.

d). Certified True Copies of the applicant’s Certificate of Incorporation & memorandum and articles of association (MEMART).

e). A copy of the board resolution in support of the partnership with named insurers/brokers.

f). Proof of payment of a non-refundable application fee.

Stage 2

a). An organizational chart showing functional responsibilities.

b). A board resolution to commence a web aggregator operation.

c). Curriculum Vitae (CVs) of directors & principal officers of the applicant.

d). A statement of the principal place of business of the web aggegator & a confirmation of a place of hosting the website.

e). Snap shots of contents of proposed website along with proof of domain name registration.

f). A professional indemnity cover of not less than 20 Million Naira limit of liability.

Stage 3 

– Physical verification of web aggregator’s office address and IT infrastructure to be deployed.

– License Fee payment.

– Issuance of license.

What do the guidelines say on SLAs between web aggregators and insurers/brokers?

– A web aggregator shall enter into an agreement with the insurer and a copy of such agreement shall be filed with the commission within 30 days for ratification.

– The agreement should include but not be limited to the following :-

a). The web aggregator’s website model to be offered.

b). Duties and responsibilities of each of the parties under the agreement during and upon formation of contract.

c). Time frame & mode of transmission of leads to be shared.

d). Responsibilityof complying with regulations and other legal requirements by both parties to the agreement.

What are some of the application and eligibility criteria for the grant of a license under the guidelines?

– An applicant seeking a grant of licensing as a web aggregator shall complete the application form as specified in the guidelines.

– The application shall be made for a web aggregator license, along with the requisite fees as specified in the guidelines. 

– The applicant shall submit the evidence of approval/No Objection letter from the NCC before securing the license to operate as web aggregator from the commission.

– The aggregator shall appear before the commission for personal representation in connection with an application. 

What is the validity tenure of a license under the guidelines?

– A license issued shall be valid for 2 years barring suspension and/or cancellation.

Registration & Share Capital Of Insurance Companies In Nigeria Under The Insurance Act Of Nigeria

The Insurance Act Of Nigeria is the primary piece of regulatory legislation governing the Insurance Sector, particularly in the areas of registration and share capital which will be the focus of this article.

We will be looking at the provisions of the act regarding registration applications, the classification of insurance business in Nigeria, and share capital.

What is the application scope of the Insurance Act?

– This act applies to all insurance business and insurers, other than insurance business carried on by insurers of the following descriptions :- 

a). A friendly society that is an association of persons established with no share for the purposes of aiding its members or their dependants where such association does not employ any person whose main occupation :-

1). Is the canvassing of their persons to become members of the association.

2). Is the collecting of contributions or subscriptions towards the funds of the association.

b). Is a company or any other body (whether appropriate or unincorporated) or person whose business is established outside Nigeria, engaged solely in reinsurance transactions with an insurer authorised or pursuant to the provisions of the Act to carry on a class if insurance business, but not otherwise however.

What are the classifications of insurance business in Nigeria under the act?

The act categorizes Insurance business in Nigeria into :-

1). Life Insurance Business :- Under which we have :

– Individual Life Insurance

– Group Life Insurance & Pension Business

– Health Insurance Business

2). General Insurance Business :- Under which we have :

– Fire Insurance

– General Accident Insurance

– Motor Vehicle Insurance

– Marine & Aviation Insurance Business

– Oil & Gas Insurance Business

– Engineering Insurance Business

– Bonds Credit Guarantee & Suretyship Insurance Business

– Miscellaneous Insurance Business.

It should be noted that for the purposes of this act :

a). Any part of an insurance business may be treated as part of a particular class of insurance business.

b). Reinsurance of liabilities under an insurance policy shall be treated as insurance business of the class to which such policy would have belonged if it has been issued by the reinsurer.

Which persons may commence or carry on insurance business in Nigeria under the act? 

– Companies registered under the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 2020.

– A body duly established by or pursuant to any other enactment to transact the business of insurance or reinsurance.

How serious is the requirement for registration as an insurer under the Act?

– Subject to the act, no insurer shall commence business in Nigeria unless the insurer is registered by NAICOM .

– The commission shall not grant a license approval if it is satisfied that it is not in the public interest or the interest of policy holders or persons who may become policy binders for it to be granted.

– Where an insurer is not satisfied with the decision of the commission in this regard,he may appeal to the Minister of Finance within 30 days of the refusal.

– The Minister shall within 60 days after the receipt of an appeal give his decision.

What does the act say about Registration as an insurer?

– The commission shall before registering an insurer be satisfied that –

a). The class of category or insurance shall be conducted in accordance with sound insurance principles.

b). The applicant being one of persons referred to under the act is duly established under the applicable law and has paid-up share capital & statutory deposit as specified in the act for the relevant class of insurance business.

c). The arrangements relating to reinsurance treaties in respect of the class or category of insurance business to be transacted are adequate and valid.

d). The proposal forms, Terms and Conditions of policies are in order and acceptable.

What does the act say regarding the cancellation of registrations?

– If in the case of a registered insurer, the Commission is satisfied that –

a). The class of insurance business of the insurer is not being conducted with sound insurance principles.

b). The insurer has entered into insolvency.

c). The insurer has applied for the cancellation of its registration as an insurer.

d). The insurer is being liquidated.

e). There has been a receipt by the Commission of at least 5 complaints of a failure to promptly pay claims against an insurer;

The Commission will set in motion a series of regulatory actions starting with the sending to the insurer of a notice of an intention to cancel its license. 

What is the minimum share capital for Insurance companies in Nigeria?

– Life Insurance Companies – 8 Billion Naira

– General Insurance Companies – 10 Billion Naira

– Composite Insurance Companies – 18 Billion Naira

– Reinsurance Companies – 20 Billion Naira

This will include a  refundable statutory deposit of 50% of the required share capital with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

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