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Home Blog Page 3485

Nigeria has between $300 billion and $900 billion worth of dead capital

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0

According to a report by PwC, Nigeria is sitting on a huge amount of untapped wealth in its residential and agricultural sectors. The report estimates that the value of dead capital in these sectors ranges from $300 billion to $900 billion, meaning that these assets are not legally registered or cannot be used as collateral for loans. This is a major challenge for the Nigerian economy, as it limits the access to finance and investment opportunities for millions of people.

Dead capital refers to assets that are not recognized by the formal legal system or that cannot be easily converted into cash. In other words, these are assets that have economic value but are not productive or liquid. For example, a house that is not registered with the government or a land that has no clear title cannot be used as collateral for a loan, sold to another party, or inherited by heirs. These assets are essentially “dead” in the sense that they do not generate income or wealth for their owners or the society.

Why is dead capital a problem for Nigeria?

Nigeria has one of the largest stocks of dead capital in the world, especially in its residential real estate and agricultural land sectors. According to PwC, about 97% of land in Nigeria is held under customary tenure, which means that it is governed by local rules and traditions rather than by formal laws.

This makes it difficult to prove ownership, transfer rights, or access credit using land as security. Similarly, many residential properties in Nigeria are not properly registered or documented, making them vulnerable to disputes, fraud, or expropriation.

The problem of dead capital in Nigeria has serious implications for the economic development and social welfare of the country. First, it reduces the availability of credit and capital for individuals and businesses, as they cannot use their assets as collateral for loans or as equity for investments.

This limits their ability to start or expand their enterprises, create jobs, or improve their living standards. Second, it reduces the efficiency and transparency of the property market, as it creates information asymmetries, transaction costs, and risks for buyers and sellers. This discourages investment and innovation in the real estate and agricultural sectors, which are vital for economic growth and diversification.

Third, it reduces the tax revenue and public services for the government, as it makes it harder to identify and collect taxes from property owners or users. This affects the quality and quantity of public goods and infrastructure that the government can provide to its citizens.

What can be done to unlock the potential of dead capital in Nigeria?

The solution to the problem of dead capital in Nigeria lies in improving the legal and institutional framework for property rights and registration in the country. This involves several steps, such as:

Simplifying and harmonizing the laws and regulations governing land and property ownership and transactions in Nigeria, to make them more consistent, clear, and accessible.

Strengthening and modernizing the land administration system in Nigeria, to make it more efficient, reliable, and digitalized.

Increasing the awareness and education of property owners and users on the benefits and procedures of formalizing their property rights and registering their assets.

Providing incentives and support for property owners and users to formalize their property rights and register their assets, such as reducing fees, streamlining processes, offering subsidies, or granting amnesty.

Enhancing the enforcement and protection of property rights in Nigeria, to ensure that property owners and users can enjoy their rights without fear of losing them.

These reforms would not only increase the economic value of the assets, but also create more opportunities for income generation, job creation, infrastructure development, poverty reduction, and social stability. PwC also cites some examples of countries that have successfully implemented similar reforms, such as Rwanda, India, and Peru.

These countries have shown that with political will, institutional reforms, and technological innovation, it is possible to unlock the wealth hidden in dead capital and create more prosperity and well-being for the people.

At PwC, we have extensive experience and expertise in helping clients to address the challenges of dead capital in Nigeria. We have worked with various stakeholders, such as governments, private sector actors, civil society organizations, and international donors, to design and implement solutions that improve the legal and institutional framework for property rights and registration in Nigeria.

We have also helped clients to leverage their assets for economic growth by providing services such as valuation, due diligence, advisory, financing, taxation, audit, assurance, and more.

FCCPC Accrued N56 Billion in Internally Generated Revenue Through Penalties Imposed on Businesses in 2023

By
Ojukwu Emmanuel
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0

The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC), disclosed that it accrued the sum of N56 billion as internally generated revenue (IGR) in 2023, with 90% derived through penalties imposed on businesses.

This was disclosed by the Executive Vice Chairman of the Commission, Mr Babatunde Irukera during a media chat in Abuja on Thursday.

Mr. Babatunde disclosed that the FCCPC remitted N22.4 billion to the federation’s account.

He further stated that the FCCPC is not hell-bent on closing down businesses, but rather, the commission has adopted a system of holding businesses and companies accountable to ensure a stable market.

In his words,

“What makes the market stable is holding businesses accountable. Consequence management system is what we have adopted. We are not trying to close businesses, but they must know that if you snooze, you lose. You cannot distort the market and expect that there will be no consequences”.

Speaking on the FCCPC budgetary allocation since 2017, he disclosed that the commission received a government budget of N1.0 billion and generated an Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) of N154 million in that year.

“In 2018 and 2019, the Commission received government budgets of N3.3 billion and N1.3 billion, respectively, while accruing an IGR of N377 million in 2019. Furthermore, in 2020, the Commission’s government budget amounted to N887 million, accompanied by an IGR of N864 million.

“By 2021, the government approved a budget of N1.8 billion to the Commission and the agency generated N4 billion and remitted N1.6 billion. What the government released from the treasury that year for the agency was N1.3 billion, so the agency gave the government more money than it got from it.

“In 2022, the government budget was N1.3 billion for the agency, the agency did not touch a single kobo of the operational or capital expense, the agency made N5.2 billion and remitted N2.6 billion. In 2023, our IGR is N56 billion, and we remitted to the government N22.4 billion”.

The FCCPC has continued to emphasize its commitment to promoting consumer interest as well as ensuring fair market practices. 

The significant generation of revenue from fines imposed on businesses reflects the commission’s commitment and desire to enforce the law and hold businesses accountable.

Recall that recently, the FCCPC on Wednesday sanctioned British American Tobacco (BAT) Nigeria and its affiliate companies a $110 million fine over the violations of the Commission Act and other regulations.

The commission asserted that the implicated companies had transgressed both corporate regulations and the National Tobacco Control Act, alongside other legal instruments. 

According to FCCPC, the alleged offenses involve BAT’s actions to impede competitors and impose penalties on retailers ensuring fair opportunities for rival products. Apart from the fine imposed on the company, other penalties were imposed for the violation. 

The commission has on several occasions stated that Competition regulation and consumer protection are not only to regulate big companies, but to also regulate the formal sector.

Avalanche Foundation considers buying meme coins, OKX to delist privacy tokens on Jan. 5

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0

In a surprising move, the Avalanche Foundation, the non-profit organization behind the Avalanche blockchain platform, has announced that it is considering investing in meme coins. Meme coins are cryptocurrencies that are created as jokes or for fun, often featuring humorous names, logos or themes. Some examples of meme coins are Dogecoin, Shiba Inu, Floki Inu and Baby Doge.

Avalanche protocol, which is a novel consensus mechanism that enables high throughput, low latency and low fees for transactions. The Avalanche protocol is powered by a unique algorithm family that combines the best features of classical and Nakamoto consensus mechanisms.

The Avalanche protocol supports multiple blockchains, smart contracts, decentralized applications and interoperability with other crypto platforms. The foundation also funds grants, scholarships and research projects related to Avalanche.

The Avalanche Foundation said that it is exploring the possibility of buying meme coins as a way to diversify its portfolio, support innovation and creativity in the crypto space, and engage with new and existing communities. The foundation also said that it believes that meme coins have the potential to generate positive social impact, such as raising awareness and funds for charitable causes.

The foundation did not disclose how much it plans to invest in meme coins, or which ones it is interested in. However, it said that it will conduct thorough research and due diligence before making any decisions. It also said that it will adhere to its mission and vision of creating an open, decentralized and scalable platform for launching any kind of applications and assets.

The announcement has received mixed reactions from the crypto community. Some praised the foundation for being open-minded and adventurous, while others criticized it for being irresponsible and unprofessional. Some also questioned the legitimacy and credibility of the foundation, suggesting that it might be a prank or a publicity stunt.

Some of the reasons why people criticize the foundation are:

They think that meme coins are not serious or valuable investments, but rather speculative and volatile assets that can lose their value quickly. They think that meme coins are not aligned with the foundation’s goals and values, but rather contradict its vision of building a secure and reliable platform for decentralized applications.

They think that meme coins are not compatible with the foundation’s reputation and image, but rather damage its credibility and trustworthiness among potential users and partners. They think that meme coins are not beneficial for the crypto ecosystem, but rather distract from more important and meaningful projects and initiatives.

The Avalanche Foundation was founded in 2018 by a team of researchers and developers led by Emin Gün Sirer, a professor of computer science at Cornell University. The foundation is responsible for developing and maintaining the Avalanche protocol, which is a novel consensus mechanism that enables high throughput, low latency and low fees for transactions.

The Avalanche network supports multiple blockchains, smart contracts, decentralized applications and interoperability with other crypto platforms. The foundation also funds grants, scholarships and research projects related to Avalanche.

OKX to delist privacy tokens on Jan. 5

OKX, one of the leading cryptocurrency exchanges in the world, has announced that it will delist four privacy tokens from its platform on January 5, 2024. The tokens are Monero (XMR), Zcash (ZEC), Dash (DASH) and Horizen (ZEN).

According to a blog post published by OKX on December 29, 2023, the decision to remove these tokens was made in compliance with the regulatory requirements of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), an intergovernmental organization that sets standards for combating money laundering and terrorist financing.

The FATF has issued guidance for virtual asset service providers (VASPs), such as cryptocurrency exchanges, to implement the “travel rule”, which requires them to collect and share information about the originators and beneficiaries of crypto transactions above a certain threshold. The FATF also considers privacy coins, which obscure the identities and transaction histories of their users, as high-risk assets that pose challenges for VASPs to comply with the travel rule.

OKX stated that it values the privacy and security of its users, but it also has to abide by the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions where it operates. The exchange added that it will continue to monitor the development of the global regulatory environment and adjust its policies accordingly.

The delisting of the privacy tokens will take effect at 10:00 AM (UTC) on January 5, 2024. OKX users who hold these tokens are advised to withdraw them to other platforms or wallets before the deadline. After the delisting, OKX will not support any deposits, withdrawals, transfers or trading of these tokens.

The announcement by OKX follows a similar move by another major cryptocurrency exchange, Binance, which delisted the same four privacy tokens from its Singapore platform in November 2023. Binance cited compliance with local regulations as the reason for its action.

Some people use privacy coins because they value their financial privacy and do not want their transactions to be tracked or traced by third parties, such as governments, corporations, hackers or criminals. Privacy coins can also enable people to access financial services that are otherwise unavailable or restricted in their regions, such as remittances, donations, crowdfunding or peer-to-peer lending. Privacy coins can also help people to avoid censorship, discrimination or persecution based on their political views, religious beliefs, sexual orientation or personal preferences.

The delisting of privacy coins by some of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in the world could have a significant impact on the liquidity and market value of these tokens, as well as on the privacy and anonymity of their users. However, some experts and advocates argue that privacy coins are not inherently illicit or criminal, and that they serve a legitimate and important function in protecting the human rights and freedoms of people who live under oppressive regimes or face censorship and surveillance.

Starbucks has lost around $11 billion in value

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0

Starbucks, the world’s largest coffee chain, has suffered a significant drop in its market capitalization after reporting disappointing quarterly results. The company revealed that its global comparable store sales fell by 9% in the fourth quarter of 2023, missing analysts’ expectations of a 5% decline. The company also lowered its guidance for the fiscal year 2024, citing ongoing challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages and rising costs.

The market reacted negatively to the news, sending Starbucks shares down by more than 15% on Thursday, wiping out about $11 billion from its value. The stock closed at $78.32, its lowest level since March 2020. Starbucks now has a market cap of about $92 billion, down from $103 billion at the end of the previous quarter.

Starbucks CEO Kevin Johnson said that the company faced “unprecedented headwinds” in the quarter but remained confident in its long-term growth strategy. He said that Starbucks was investing in digital innovation, menu expansion, sustainability and social impact initiatives to enhance its customer experience and loyalty. He also said that the company was working to improve its operational efficiency and profitability by optimizing its store portfolio, streamlining its supply chain and managing its expenses.

One of the main factors that contributed to the sales slump is the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, which has forced many Starbucks stores to close or operate with limited capacity and hours. The company said that it lost $1.2 billion in sales due to the virus outbreak, as customers stayed home or opted for cheaper alternatives. The pandemic also disrupted the supply chain and increased the costs of raw materials, such as coffee beans and milk.

Another reason for the decline is the growing competition from other coffee chains and independent cafes, especially in China, which is Starbucks’ second-largest market. The company faces fierce rivalry from local brands, such as Luckin Coffee and HeyTea, which offer lower prices, faster delivery and more variety.

Starbucks also faces challenges from social and environmental issues, such as the backlash against its plastic cups and straws, the allegations of racial discrimination and labor exploitation, and the boycotts from some customers who disagree with its political stance.

To cope with these difficulties, Starbucks has announced several measures to boost its sales and regain its customers’ loyalty. The company plans to accelerate its digital transformation, by expanding its mobile ordering, delivery and loyalty programs.

It also aims to innovate its menu, by introducing more plant-based and seasonal products, such as oat milk lattes and pumpkin spice drinks. Moreover, the company intends to improve its social responsibility, by reducing its environmental impact, increasing its diversity and inclusion efforts, and supporting its employees and communities.

However, these strategies may not be enough to overcome the challenges that Starbucks faces in the post-pandemic era. The company will have to adapt to the changing consumer preferences and behaviors, such as the demand for convenience, quality and value.

It will also have to deal with the uncertainty and volatility of the global economy and the coffee market. And most importantly, it will have to restore its brand image and reputation, which have been tarnished by the recent scandals and controversies.

Starbucks is not the only company that has suffered from the covid-19 crisis, but it is one of the most affected ones due to its reliance on physical stores and premium prices. The company has a long history of innovation and resilience, but it will need more than that to survive and thrive in the new normal. Will Starbucks be able to turn around its fortunes and reclaim its position as the world’s leading coffee chain? Only time will tell.

However, some analysts and investors are skeptical about Starbucks’ ability to overcome the current challenges and maintain its competitive edge in the crowded coffee market. They point out that Starbucks is facing increased competition from rivals such as Dunkin’ Donuts, McDonald’s and Peet’s Coffee, as well as from independent coffee shops and specialty roasters. They also note that Starbucks is losing market share in some of its key regions, such as China and Europe, where local preferences and tastes are different from those in the US.

Starbucks has been one of the most successful and iconic brands in the history of the coffee industry, but it seems that it is facing a moment of reckoning. The company will have to prove that it can adapt to the changing consumer behavior and preferences, as well as to the uncertain and volatile business environment. Otherwise, it may risk losing its relevance and appeal among its loyal customers and shareholders.

Bitcoin looks set to close the year up around 158% against its price of around $16,500 12 months ago

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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4

As 2023 comes to an end, the cryptocurrency market is celebrating another remarkable year of growth and innovation. Among the top performers, bitcoin stands out as the undisputed leader of the pack, having increased its value by more than 150% since January. We will take a look at some of the factors that contributed to bitcoin’s impressive rally and what challenges and opportunities lie ahead for the digital asset in 2024.

Bitcoin started the year at around $16,500, a level that was already considered high by many analysts and investors. However, the bullish momentum that had been building up since late 2020 continued to push the price higher, reaching new all-time highs almost every month. Some of the key drivers behind this surge were:

The increasing adoption of bitcoin by institutional investors, such as MicroStrategy, Tesla, Square and PayPal, who recognized its potential as a store of value and a hedge against inflation. The growing popularity of bitcoin among retail investors, especially in emerging markets, where people faced economic and political instability, currency devaluation and capital controls.

The launch of several innovative products and services that made bitcoin more accessible and convenient to use, such as the Lightning Network, Taproot, Bitcoin ETFs and DeFi platforms. The limited supply of bitcoin, which is capped at 21 million coins, creating a scarcity effect that increased its demand and value.

By December 29th, bitcoin was trading at around $42,500, representing a staggering 158% increase from the beginning of the year. This means that an investor who bought $1,000 worth of bitcoin on January 1st would have seen their investment grow to $2,580 by the end of the year.

However, bitcoin’s journey was not without challenges and setbacks. The cryptocurrency market is known for its high volatility and unpredictability, and bitcoin was no exception. Throughout the year, bitcoin experienced several sharp corrections and crashes, often triggered by external events or market sentiment. Some of the most notable ones were:

The crackdown on cryptocurrency mining and trading by China, which caused a massive drop-in hash rate and liquidity in June. The announcement by Tesla’s CEO Elon Musk that the company would stop accepting bitcoin as a payment method due to environmental concerns in May.

The legal and regulatory uncertainty surrounding cryptocurrencies in various jurisdictions, such as India, Turkey and the US. The competition from other cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum, Solana and Cardano, which offered faster transactions, lower fees and more functionality than bitcoin.

Despite these challenges, bitcoin proved to be resilient and adaptable, recovering from each dip and reaching new highs. Moreover, bitcoin continued to innovate and evolve, implementing new features and upgrades that improved its security, scalability and privacy. For example:

The activation of Taproot in November, which is the biggest update to bitcoin’s protocol since SegWit in 2017. Taproot enhances bitcoin’s smart contract capabilities, allowing for more complex and flexible transactions that are also cheaper and more private.

The development of the Lightning Network, which is a second-layer solution that enables instant and low-cost payments on top of bitcoin. The Lightning Network has grown significantly in terms of nodes, channels and capacity in 2023, making bitcoin more suitable for everyday use cases.

The emergence of decentralized finance (DeFi) on bitcoin, which is a sector that leverages blockchain technology to offer financial services without intermediaries. DeFi platforms such as Sovryn, Stacks and RSK allow users to lend, borrow, trade and earn interest on their bitcoin.

Looking ahead to 2024, there are many reasons to be optimistic about bitcoin’s future. Some of the factors that could support its growth are:

The increasing awareness and education about bitcoin among the general public, media and policymakers. The growing demand for bitcoin from institutional investors who seek exposure to alternative assets with high returns and low correlation to traditional markets.

The expanding ecosystem of products and services that make bitcoin more user-friendly and accessible to a wider audience. The ongoing innovation and development of new features and solutions that enhance bitcoin’s functionality and performance.

Of course, there are also many risks and uncertainties that could affect bitcoin’s price and adoption. Some of the challenges that could hinder its progress are:

The potential emergence of new competitors or technologies that could challenge or surpass bitcoin’s dominance or relevance. The possible occurrence of technical or security issues or breaches that could compromise or disrupt bitcoin’s network or users. The uncertain regulatory environment or hostile actions by governments or authorities that could restrict or ban bitcoin’s use or ownership.

2023 was an exceptional year for bitcoin, which demonstrated its strength and potential as a digital asset. However, 2024 will likely be another exciting and unpredictable year for the cryptocurrency market. As always, investors should be prepared for high volatility and diversify their portfolio accordingly. Bitcoin is not a get-rich-quick scheme but a long-term investment that requires patience and discipline. Those who understand and appreciate its value proposition and vision will be rewarded in the long run.

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