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NAFDAC Guidelines on Service Drugs and Orphan Drug Schemes in Nigeria

By
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Ogbuka
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0

Service drugs are medicines that are not readily available in the Nigerian market but are needed to meet varying unique individual health needs of patients and clients within the community while orphan drugs are medicines that are developed specifically to treat rare medical conditions in fewer than 200,000 persons within the country.

This article looks into the notable provisions of the National Agency For Food and Drug Administration and Control NAFDAC Guidelines on The Operation Of Service Drugs and Orphan Drug Schemes in Nigeria.

Application

– Applications shall be open to all community pharmacies (valid licenced premises by Pharmacist Council Nigeria (PCN) owned and operated by Pharmacists with valid and current license which must be issued by the PCN).

– The Applicant should show evidence of membership with the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN).

– For multinational concerns, requests for service drugs for specific products, application can be processed under this scheme in special circumstances.

– Products that qualify to be treated under the Service Drug scheme are those which are needed for the treatment of critical health conditions for which there are no local capacity to meet those needs.

– Products that qualify should be sourced from any of the following manufacturing facilities:

i.Facilities situated in countries within the Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) Region.

ii.Facilities situated in countries that are among the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention Scheme (PIC/S) member countries.

– Products should be labelled in English language.

– Pharmacies are to maintain a register for the disposal of the service/orphan drugs for ease of verification.

– Orphan drug request should be submitted with a prescription from a recognised hospital with clear indication on the name of the prescriber, signature of the prescriber and duration of the medication.

– Only generics and brands not already registered shall be allowed. However,any company wishing to import small quantities of an already registered brand or generic must bring a “no objection letter” from the party that registered it and this letter shall be verified by NAFDAC.

– The following products are not qualified under the Service Drug and Orphan Drug Scheme and should be excluded from the Scheme:

i.Products for which there is local capacity.

ii.Products for which there are safety concerns.

iii.Product on the NAFDAC Ceiling list.

iv.Products on the Federal Government Import Prohibition.

-The number of products per application should not be more than 2000 items.

– The quantity to be imported shall not exceed 500unit packs per product perannum and the importation may be in parts.

– The following information: Brand name, Active ingredient(s) and strength, pack size, quantity, and manufacturer name and country of origin should be provided in soft copies (Ms word/Excel).

– Where there are Narcotics, Psychotropic substances, and any controlled drugs,an authorization to import and clear such drugs must be obtained from the Narcotics & Controlled Directorate of NAFDAC.

Tariffs

The processing fee for Service drugs and Orphan drugs are as follows:

–Over The Counter (OTC)

N 30,000.00 per product

– Prescription only medicines (POM)

N 25,000.00 per product

–Orphan Drugs: Payment is not required.

Notes

– It should be noted that :-

  • A permit for Service and Orphan drugs is valid for one (1) year from the date of issue.
  • All approved application should be immediately enrolled on the single window for trade to enable importation.
  • Products under this scheme are prohibited from Advertisement.

 

Are Social Media platforms ready to handle the rise of AI Deepfakes?

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0
social media apps

Artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled the creation of realistic and convincing deepfakes, which are synthetic media that manipulate the appearance or voice of a person or an object. Deepfakes can be used for various purposes, such as entertainment, education, or satire, but they can also pose serious threats to the integrity of information, the privacy of individuals, and the security of society.

Social media platforms are one of the main channels for the dissemination and consumption of deepfakes, as they allow users to easily share and access content. However, social media platforms also face significant challenges in dealing with the rise of AI deepfakes, such as:

Detecting and verifying deepfakes: Social media platforms need to develop and deploy effective methods to identify and verify deepfakes, as well as to inform and educate users about their presence and potential impacts. However, this is not an easy task, as deepfake technology is constantly evolving and becoming more sophisticated, making it harder to distinguish between real and fake content.

Balancing freedom of expression and responsibility: Social media platforms need to balance the right of users to express themselves freely and creatively with the responsibility to prevent and mitigate the harms caused by malicious or deceptive deepfakes. However, this is not a simple task, as different types of deepfakes may have different legal and ethical implications, depending on their context, intent, and effect.

Coordinating with stakeholders: Social media platforms need to coordinate with various stakeholders, such as governments, regulators, civil society, researchers, and users, to establish and enforce clear and consistent policies and standards for dealing with deepfakes. However, this is not a straightforward task, as different stakeholders may have different interests, perspectives, and expectations regarding the regulation and governance of deepfakes.

One of the main challenges of dealing with deepfakes is to detect and verify them before they cause harm or confusion. However, this is not an easy task, as deepfake technology is constantly evolving and becoming more sophisticated. Moreover, deepfakes can be disseminated quickly and widely through social media platforms, which have a large and diverse user base and a high degree of interactivity.

Social media platforms have a responsibility to ensure that their users are not exposed to harmful or misleading deepfakes, but also to respect their freedom of expression and creativity. Therefore, they need to adopt a balanced and proactive approach to handle the rise of AI deepfakes.

Developing and implementing robust and transparent policies and guidelines for the use and sharing of deepfake content on their platforms. These policies should clearly define what constitutes a deepfake, what are the acceptable and unacceptable uses of deepfake technology, and what are the consequences for violating the rules.

Investing in research and innovation to improve their own capabilities and technologies for deepfake detection and verification. This could involve using advanced AI techniques, such as deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and audio analysis, to analyze the features and characteristics of deepfake content and compare them with authentic sources.

Providing users with easy-to-use and accessible tools and features to help them identify, report, flag, or challenge deepfake content on their platforms. This could include providing visual or auditory cues or indicators to signal that a content is a deepfake, enabling users to verify the source or origin of a content, or allowing users to provide feedback or ratings on the quality or reliability of a content.

Promoting ethical and responsible use of deepfake technology among their users and creators. This could include encouraging users to disclose or label their deepfake content as such, providing guidelines or tips on how to create or use deepfake content in a respectful and lawful manner, or rewarding or incentivizing users who create or use deepfake content for positive or beneficial purposes.

Social media platforms are not fully ready to handle the rise of AI deepfakes, as they face multiple and complex challenges that require technical, legal, ethical, and social solutions. Therefore, social media platforms need to invest more resources and efforts in developing and implementing effective strategies to address the issue of deepfakes in a proactive and collaborative manner.

US Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr says Bitcoin is a “freedom currency.”

By
Paul Ugbede Godwin
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0

US Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr has recently expressed his support for Bitcoin, the decentralized cryptocurrency that has been gaining popularity and value in recent years. In an interview with Bitcoin Magazine Kennedy said that Bitcoin is a “freedom currency” that empowers individuals and protects them from government interference and inflation.

Kennedy, who is running as an independent candidate in the 2024 election, said that he believes in the vision of Bitcoin’s anonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, who wanted to create a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that does not rely on any central authority or intermediary. Kennedy said that Bitcoin is a way to restore the sovereignty and dignity of the people, who have been exploited and oppressed by the corrupt and inefficient political and financial systems.

Kennedy also criticized the current administration’s policies on monetary and fiscal matters, saying that they are leading the country to a debt crisis and a loss of confidence in the US dollar. He said that the Federal Reserve’s quantitative easing and the government’s stimulus spending are creating artificial bubbles in the stock market and the real estate sector, while devaluing the purchasing power of the average American. He warned that these policies will eventually result in hyperinflation and social unrest, similar to what happened in Venezuela and Zimbabwe.

Freedom of speech is widely recognized as a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of democracy. It allows people to express their opinions, beliefs, and ideas without fear of censorship or retaliation. It also fosters a culture of dialogue, debate, and diversity that enriches the public sphere.

However, freedom of speech is not enough to ensure a free and prosperous society. Without freedom of transaction, people’s choices and opportunities are severely limited by the constraints imposed by the state or other actors. For example, if the government bans certain products or services, or imposes high taxes or regulations on them, people cannot freely exchange them according to their own needs and wants. This reduces their welfare and happiness, as well as their ability to innovate and create value.

Moreover, freedom of transaction is essential for the protection and promotion of freedom of speech. Without economic freedom, people cannot afford the means to express themselves, such as books, newspapers, internet access, or social media platforms. They also cannot support the causes and movements they believe in, such as donating to charities, NGOs, or political parties. Furthermore, they cannot resist the pressure and influence of those who have more economic power and resources, such as corporations, media outlets, or governments.

Kennedy said that he supports a sound money policy that is based on a limited supply of currency and a free market determination of interest rates. He said that Bitcoin is the best example of such a policy, as it has a fixed supply of 21 million coins and a transparent and immutable ledger that records every transaction. He said that Bitcoin is also resistant to censorship and confiscation, as it is distributed across a global network of nodes and miners who secure and validate the system.

Kennedy said that if he is elected president, he will promote the adoption and innovation of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in the US. He said that he will work with Congress to pass legislation that recognizes Bitcoin as legal tender and exempts it from capital gains taxes. He also said that he will appoint pro-Bitcoin officials to key positions in the Treasury Department, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. He said that he will also encourage other countries to join him in embracing Bitcoin as a global reserve currency.

Freedom of transaction is as important as freedom of speech for a democratic society. Both freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. They enable people to exercise their autonomy and agency, as well as to contribute to the common good. They also foster a culture of tolerance, pluralism, and innovation that benefits everyone.

Kennedy said that he is confident that Bitcoin will prevail over the legacy financial system, as it offers a superior alternative that is more secure, efficient, transparent, and democratic. He said that Bitcoin is not only a currency, but also a social movement that represents the values of liberty, equality, and justice. He said that Bitcoin is the future of money and the future of America.

Cryptocurrencies to Watch for 100% Gains – Polygon, Chainlink, and Scorpion Casino Token

By
TI Partners
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0

Whether your crypto journey is just beginning, or you’ve been through the Bull and the Bear, there are always more cryptocurrencies with which to get involved. Polygon (MATIC) emerges as a key player, elevating Ethereum’s scalability, while Chainlink (LINK) empowers Web3 data access. Going up against these titans, and offering a fresh take in a crowded market, Scorpion Casino Token reshapes the intersection of blockchain and online gaming, offering unique opportunities in the crypto entertainment space.

Scorpion Casino Token (SCORP) – Play to Win

SCORP, the native token of the now well-known Scorpion Casino, promises investors an enticing blend of innovation and rewards. Beyond its gaming offerings, SCORP provides a pathway to daily passive income, automatically enriching the wallets of holders, even during the presale phase. The allure doesn’t end there—presale holders gain exclusive access to upcoming giveaways, presenting exciting opportunities to amass additional rewards. With a commitment to revolutionizing online gaming and fostering a thriving community, SCORP stands as more than a token; it’s a gateway to a dynamic ecosystem of entertainment and financial potential.

Polygon (MATIC) – Elevating Ethereum’s Scalability

Polygon serves as a prominent layer-2 solution for the Ethereum network, facilitating improved interoperability and offering enhanced speed and cost-effectiveness for projects. Developers benefit from increased flexibility, utilizing their blockchain validators on Ethereum-compatible chains. The integration of Polygon’s Ronin bridge enables the recording of transactional data on Ethereum after the completion of a batch of transactions on a side chain.

Major enterprises, including Adidas and Starbucks, are exploring this capability within their business models. In 2022, venture capital firm Sequoia Capital invested $480 million in Polygon, reflecting confidence in its scalable solutions. While Ethereum introduced its layer-2 solutions in September 2022, Polygon’s scalability solutions continue to attract corporate interest, positioning its native MATIC token for substantial gains in 2023 and beyond. The current value of approximately $1 appears poised to offer investors significant returns.

Chainlink (LINK) – Empowering Web3 Data Access

Addressing the challenge of providing Web3 technology access to external information without compromising security, Chainlink has become a pivotal enabler in the Web3 ecosystem. It resolves the “oracle problem,” allowing platforms like Aave to securely access off-chain data, preventing risks from potential bad actors. Chainlink’s native LINK coin plays a crucial role in incentivizing nodes to provide accurate and timely data, imposing consequences for bad actors attempting to manipulate the system for personal gain.

Chainlink’s recent advancements, including the decentralized interoperability project CCIP, aim to strengthen connections between decentralized networks, potentially expanding its share of the Web3 market. With a current LINK value of around $7, there is significant potential for rapid growth, positioning it as one of the standout altcoins in the market.

Eyes on the Future of Crypto

In conclusion, the exploration of Polygon, Chainlink, and Scorpion Casino Token unveils a future where innovation redefines the boundaries of blockchain technology. Each token contributes uniquely to the crypto landscape, promising substantial returns and transformative experiences for investors and enthusiasts alike. As we navigate this dynamic ecosystem, these tokens stand as beacons of progress, shaping the future of decentralized technologies and entertainment.

 

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Poker’s Global Appeal: A Game That Knows No Borders

By
TI Partners
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0

Introduction

Greetings, dear readers, and welcome to a journey through the captivating world of gambling. I’m Milan Rabszski, a dedicated gambling expert with years of experience in analyzing the ins and outs of this ever-evolving industry. Today, I invite you to join me as we delve deep into the exciting realm of casinos, betting strategies, and the ever-elusive quest for that perfect win.

Throughout my career, I’ve witnessed the transformative power of gambling and the profound impact it has on players from all walks of life. From the glitzy casinos of Las Vegas to the quiet solitude of online betting platforms, gambling offers an array of experiences that extend far beyond the mere thrill of chance. It encompasses psychology, strategy, and the complex interplay of risk and reward.

In the year 2023, as the gambling landscape continues to evolve, I’ll be your guide, sharing insights, strategies, and the latest trends that shape this dynamic industry. Whether you’re a seasoned player seeking an edge or someone new to the world of betting, my goal is to provide you with valuable knowledge that will enhance your understanding of gambling and empower you to make informed decisions.

Universality of Poker

One of the primary factors contributing to poker’s global appeal is its universal nature. Unlike many sports that require specialized equipment or facilities, all one needs to play poker is a deck of cards and a willingness to learn the rules. This simplicity has allowed poker to be accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds, making it a game that can be enjoyed in living rooms, casinos, and online platforms worldwide. Many online casinos are offering enticing promotions, including bonuses like casino 10 euro bez depozytu za sama rejestracje 2023 just for registering.

Poker is one of the few games that truly transcends cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic barriers. Its universal appeal lies in its simplicity and accessibility. Unlike many sports that require expensive equipment or specialized facilities, poker can be played virtually anywhere, from the bustling streets of Mumbai to the quiet corners of Paris. All you need are a standard deck of cards and the rules, which can be easily learned.

This accessibility has made poker a game for everyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. It’s not uncommon to see multi-generational groups of family members gathered around a table for a friendly game of poker. This inclusivity has helped poker become a shared pastime in many cultures, fostering a sense of community and bonding.

The Thrill of Competition

Poker offers a unique blend of skill, strategy, and chance that appeals to the competitive spirit in individuals from various walks of life. Whether you’re a mathematician analyzing probabilities, a psychologist studying human behavior, or simply someone who enjoys the thrill of outsmarting opponents, poker offers a compelling challenge.

  1. Strategic Battle: Poker is a strategic battle of wits where players must outmaneuver their opponents using a combination of skill, psychology, and risk assessment.
  2. Bluffing and Deception: The art of bluffing adds an element of psychological warfare to the game. Successfully deceiving opponents and making them fold is a thrilling achievement.
  3. Reading Opponents: Observing and deciphering your opponents’ behavior, betting patterns, and tells can be just as exciting as making winning hands.
  4. Risk vs. Reward: Every decision in poker involves weighing the potential risks and rewards. Deciding when to make a big bet or fold can create intense moments of tension and excitement.
  5. All-In Dramatics: The drama of going all-in, putting all your chips on the line, and waiting for the outcome can be a heart-pounding experience.
  6. Tournament Climax: In poker tournaments, reaching the final table and competing for a significant prize pool creates an exhilarating climax to the event.
  7. Comeback Stories: Poker often offers opportunities for players to mount comebacks from seemingly impossible situations, turning the tables and winning against the odds.
  8. Multi-Table Action: Online poker tournaments with multiple tables running simultaneously provide constant action and the thrill of competing against a large field of players.
  9. Big Wins and High Stakes: The prospect of winning a substantial amount of money, especially in high-stakes games and tournaments, adds an extra layer of excitement to every hand.
  10. The Element of Luck: While skill plays a significant role in poker, the element of luck introduces suspense and unpredictability, making each hand a thrilling rollercoaster.
  11. Long-Term Mastery: The journey of continuous improvement and mastery in poker is a compelling aspect. Players are always seeking to refine their skills and strategies to become better competitors.
  12. Poker Faces and Mind Games: Engaging in mind games with opponents, maintaining a stoic “poker face,” and trying to read their intentions add layers of psychological depth to the competition.
  13. High-Pressure Moments: High-pressure situations, such as critical decisions in championship events, can test a player’s nerves and decision-making abilities, creating intense moments of competition.
  14. Ego and Reputation: Players often compete not only for financial gain but also to enhance their reputation in the poker community, adding an element of personal pride to the competition.
  15. The Quest for Titles: Winning prestigious poker titles, like a WSOP bracelet or an EPT championship, is a lifelong goal for many players, adding extra motivation and excitement to their careers.

 

In the world of poker, the thrill of competition is palpable, with each hand representing a microcosm of strategic warfare, psychological battles, and the pursuit of victory. It’s this combination of elements that continues to draw players from all corners of the globe to the poker table, making it a timeless and universally loved game.

Cultural Adaptation

Poker has shown a remarkable ability to adapt to different cultures and preferences. In countries like the United States, poker is often associated with Texas Hold’em, while in Asia, games like Omaha and Chinese poker have gained immense popularity. Local variations and adaptations of the game have allowed it to resonate with diverse audiences, demonstrating its versatility.

Region Poker Variant Key Characteristics
United States Texas Hold’em Most popular worldwide; emphasizes community cards and strategic betting.
China Chinese Poker (Pineapple) Focuses on hand building and arranging cards; highly popular in Asian countries.
Finland Omaha (Omaha Hold’em) Known for high-action gameplay with four hole cards; widespread in Northern Europe.
United Kingdom Seven-Card Stud A traditional British favorite with a focus on individual hands and face-up cards.
India Teen Patti (Three Card Brag) A simplified form of poker with cultural nuances; widely played in India.
Philippines Filipino Poker (Pusoy Dos) A Filipino variant with a unique deck of cards and card-ranking system.
Russia Russian Poker (Stud Poker) Incorporates elements of traditional stud poker; popular in Russia and Eastern Europe.
Latin America Mexican Stud (Tres Pares) A regional adaptation of stud poker with Mexican traditions.
Greece Greek Poker (Poka) Played with a modified deck and unique hand-ranking rules; popular in Greece.
Japan Japanese Poker (Okii) Incorporates elements of poker and traditional Japanese games.

 

These examples highlight how poker has adapted to and integrated with the cultures of various regions, reflecting local preferences and traditions. This cultural adaptation has not only made poker more relatable to people worldwide but has also contributed to its global appeal as players explore and appreciate the diversity of poker variants.

Global Poker Tournaments

The rise of international poker tournaments has played a pivotal role in fostering poker’s global appeal. Events like the World Series of Poker (WSOP) and the European Poker Tour (EPT) have drawn players and fans from around the world, showcasing the game’s inclusive nature. These tournaments offer players the opportunity to compete on a grand stage, regardless of their background or nationality.

Poker as a Social Experience

Poker transcends language barriers, enabling people to connect and socialize in ways that few other activities can match. Whether you’re sharing a table with friends, colleagues, or strangers, poker creates a shared experience that promotes camaraderie and interaction. The game’s social aspect is one of its most endearing qualities, contributing to its global popularity.

Online Poker Communities

The advent of online poker platforms has further expanded the game’s reach. Players can now compete against opponents from different countries without leaving their homes. Online forums, strategy websites, and social media groups have allowed poker enthusiasts to connect, share insights, and build a global poker community.

Celebrity Poker Players

High-profile poker players like Daniel Negreanu, Phil Ivey, and Vanessa Selbst have become household names, transcending the poker world and entering the mainstream. Their success and charisma have attracted fans from around the world, adding to the game’s global appeal. https://www.cardplayer.com/poker-tournaments

Conclusion

As we draw the curtains on our exploration of the intricate world of gambling in 2023, I want to leave you with a few key takeaways. Gambling, in all its forms, is not merely a roll of the dice or the spin of a wheel; it’s a fascinating blend of skill, strategy, psychology, and a dash of good fortune. It’s a realm where the pursuit of entertainment and the thrill of competition harmoniously coexist.

In our journey, we’ve touched upon the universality of poker, the thrill of competition, the cultural adaptations that make gambling a global phenomenon, and the ever-changing landscape of casinos and betting platforms. We’ve discovered that gambling is not just about winning or losing but about the experiences, memories, and lessons gained along the way.

Remember that responsible gambling is the cornerstone of a healthy and enjoyable gaming experience. Always set limits, stay informed about the odds, and play within your means. Whether you find yourself in the grandeur of a casino or the convenience of an online betting site, let the joy of the game and the camaraderie of fellow players be your guiding lights.

As we move forward into the future of gambling, stay curious, stay vigilant, and stay enthralled by the dynamic world of chance and strategy. I’m Milan Rabszski, and it has been my pleasure to be your guide on this journey. May your future bets be wise, your wins be plentiful, and your adventures in gambling be filled with excitement and enlightenment. Until next time, gamble responsibly and embrace the thrill of the game.

 

Information for our readers was provided by Milan Rabszski gambling expert

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