A focus on Millennials and Gen Zs

My Interest

I never thought I know the standard definition of what it means to be Obese or Overweight until I developed an interest in researching this issue.

I aimed to first broaden my knowledge of Mental Health — and being someone very interested in the personal development of young people, I also wanted to examine the effects of obesity on the mental health of Millennials and Gen Zs.

With the optimism that I might be able to find non-medical ways but scientifically proven, that society and individuals can help young obese, or overweight people.

Introduction

According to World Health Organisation (WHO), being obese or overweight interprets a body mass index (BMI) of a person where over 25 BMI is considered overweight, and with over 30 BMI is obese.

Though the nontechnical meaning of being overweight or obese refers to an excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in a manner that presents a health risk.

Mental Health refers to a person’s condition concerning their emotional and psychological well-being. In this WHO report, before the Covid_19 pandemic, 1 out of 8 persons worldwide suffered from a mental health condition. Furthermore, there is evidence of 10 years less life expectancy in individuals struggling with severe mental health issues than the general population.

Young people with mental health issues are identified to be a particularly vulnerable population group at risk for developing overweight and obesity conditions. This is because obesity causes depression and anxiety for most Millennials and Gen Zs.

Also, a mixture of severe mental health challenges and excess weight in young people may add to the disease burden and reduce self-esteem, social participation, and self-care behaviours like adhering to medication prescriptions while increasing stigmatisation.

Most known attempts to curb the rise of obesity in this population globally focus on food intake or nutrition monitoring and physical activity levels and exercises.

Five Psychosocial Ways Society Can Help With The Effects of Obesity On Individuals’ Mental Health

Outside the scope bracket of controlling obesity and overweight through (dieting and physical activities), I find that there are other ways society, families, and individuals can help.

I summarise my findings under five headings. While focusing on essential items to make this post relatable and valuable for readers.

• We should minimise the focus on weight alone

I find that the current focus on the body weight of an individual by society and the constant talks on social media could be impacting and adding up psychological or psychosocial discontent for Millennials and Gen Zs who are struggling with body issues, increasing BMI, or eating problems/disorders.

Instead, an overall general healthy lifestyle should be promoted. Behaviours that promote a healthy lifestyle are not only needful for obese or overweight Millennials and Gen Z but for the whole demographic population irrespective of body weight condition.

• We should intervene with weight bias and stigmatisation.

In every society, there is a culturally motivated beauty standard difference between males and females.

An article by Sachi, uncovers how there is a cultural beauty and weight acceptance difference between males and females in Japan — Why Japanese are Skinny? Are Those Genetics or Actually Have Great Nutrition? I have lived in the West for a couple of years now and it is the same. Also, in Africa!

So, there is a need to intervene in weight bias.

• We should embrace healthy body status promotion.

Millennials and Gen Zs with body weight are more concerned about body weight than their healthy-weight counterparts.

An early focus on identifying and preventing body weight and shape image concerns could potentially minimise the negative psychological impacts of obesity on millennials and Gen-Zs.

This promotion is equally crucial to target triggers and develops prevention treatments.

• We should target older generational role models.

Conceptions from older generations and weight — bias attitudes contribute to general societal weight bias.

As a society, all individuals of all age demographics similar to the idea of minimising the focus on weight alone should be educated in promoting healthy lifestyles and shift from judging weight and shape from the spectrum of models of health in the media.

• The need for further research

One of the things I enjoy about academic research, which I have carried on with me to even my leisure research for writing or out of interest in a subject area or simply to be informed as an individual, is a section where the researcher suggests the need for further research and how and the area to be researched.

So, therefore, I will suggest further research in these areas — instead of studies that compare obese versus healthy-weight individuals, researchers should focus on understanding those factors that put most obese or overweight individuals at psychological risk.

The recurring gender differences on some of the impacts of obesity on mental health equally present the need to investigate why that exists and how to help both genders on differential levels if need be.

And finally, keep researching the prevalent mechanisms that contribute underlyingly to this abnormal weight gain like the roles of genetics and neuroendocrine processes, lifestyle and psychiatric medications, and lastly environmental factors.

Reference

Shelly, R.-M., Gail, M., Angela, B. & Alana, I., (2012). Mental Health, Wellness, and Childhood Overweight/Obesity. Journal of Obesity, 1(1), pp. 1-10.

Stewart, S. & Ogden, J., (2022). Motivating or stigmatising? The public health and media messaging surrounding COVID-19 and obesity: a qualitative think aloud study. Health Education, 122(4), pp. 374-386.

We will open registration for the next edition of Tekedia Mini-MBA tomorrow . It will be the best edition yet. A new revamped essay+video on Nigeria will be made available to registered learners. Yes, besides the current supporting books – The Dangote System: Techniques for Building Conglomerates, and Africa’s Sankofa Innovation – a new one will be added: “The Nigeria’s Post-Petroleum Era”. All come at no extra cost; they’re written as business manuals to help our learners.

In this essay+video work, I provide perspectives on Nigeria and the current economic redesign  in the nation.  We will also increase prices to account for operating realities in Nigeria, and beyond, after years we have resisted that. So, the next edition of Tekedia Mini-MBA will cost a little more.

We’re launching an Affiliate program which will enable people and companies to promote, market and close deals on Tekedia Mini-MBA, Tekedia Startup Masterclass, etc and earn commissions up to 25%. The Affiliate site will open on Monday, July 3; everyone is invited. Yes, you can build a business selling our products to potential learners. We have more learners than most universities.

As always, we appreciate the opportunity you give us to serve you in our companies. I always promote my companies and products because as a good global citizen, not making you aware of them, will be unfair to you and humanity, because they’re the #best! Thrive with Tekedia.

The Bank Employees (Declaration of Assets)act was passed into law to make provisions for the declaration of assets by employees of banks operating in Nigeriaand to empower the President to extend its application to other categories of persons.

This article will be looking at the provisions of the act in detail as follows:- 

Full Asset Disclosure by Employees  

-Every employee of a Bank shall, within fourteen days of the commencement of this Act, make a full disclosure of all his assets.  

-In the case of a new employee, he shall within fourteen days of assuming duty with the Bank make a full disclosure of all his assets at the time of his assuming duty; and for the purpose of this subsection, a transfer or secondment from one Bank to another shall be treated as a new employment. 

Execution of Assets Declaration Form

– The full disclosure of assets required under section 1 of this Act shall be made in the manner prescribed in the Declaration of Assets Form contained in Form A of the Schedule to the Act and shall be executed before and attested to by the Registrar of a High Court, the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court.

-The President or the appropriate authority may from time to time prescribe such other forms as may be necessary to achieve the purpose and intendment of this Act.

Submission of assets forms  

-On completion and execution of the Declaration of Assets Form in the manner prescribed in section 2(1) of this Act, the employee shall submit the form to the Chief Executive of his Bank within the time prescribed in section 1 of this Act.  

– The Chief Executive of the Bank to whom Declaration of Assets forms have been submitted under subsection (1) of this section shall, within seven days after the expiration of the time stipulated in section 1 of this Act, submit the forms to the appropriate authority together with the list of employees compiled in the manner prescribed in Form B of the Schedule to this Act.  

Annual Assets Declaration

-An employee who has made a declaration in accordance with section 1 of this Act shall, within Seven (7) days of the anniversary of the initial declaration and every subsequent year thereafter, make a further full disclosure of all assets acquired or disposed of during the immediately preceding year to which the declaration relates.  

-The full disclosure required to be made in subsection (1) of this section shall be in the manner prescribed in the Annual Assets Declaration Form contained in Form C of the Schedule to this Act and shall be duly executed and attested to in the manner prescribed in section 2 of this Act.  

-The Chief Executive of every Bank shall, within seven days of receipt, submit to the appropriate authority all Annual Assets Declaration Forms submitted to him under this section.

– The obligation of an employee to make an annual declaration of assets as required in this section shall extend to a period of two years after the determination of his employment with the Bank; and for this purpose, it shall be the duty of the employee to collect the appropriate form from the Chief Executive of his Bank or a person authorised by him in that behalf and to submit the completed form to the Chief Executive within the time stipulated in subsection (1) of this section. 

– Notwithstanding the circumstances of the determination of the employment of an employee affected by this Act, the Chief Executive shall, whenever requested by a former employee, promptly deliver to the former employee concerned the stipulated form to enable him to comply with the provisions of this section.

List of movements of Employees  

– The Chief Executive of every Bank shall twice in every year, but not later than 7 January, or 7 July, as the case may be, submit to the appropriate authority a list of all employees who joined or left the employment of the Bank in the immediately preceding six months expiring respectively on 31 December of the previous year and 30 June of that year respectively. 

-The list referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall be in the manner prescribed in the Biannual Returns of Employees Movements contained in Form D of the Schedule to this Act.

Verification, etc., of Assets Declaration  

– The appropriate authority shall cause to be verified every Declaration of Assets Form and Annual Assets Declaration Form submitted under this Act and may direct that a thorough investigation should be conducted into the assets and activities of the employee concerned including the assets and activities of his spouse, child, relative, parent, associate or privy.  

Offences of unjust enrichment  

– It shall be an offence for an employee of a Bank to own assets in excess of his legitimate, known and provable income and assets.  

-Any employee guilty of an offence under subsection (1) of this section shall on conviction be liable to imprisonment for ten years and shall, in addition, forfeit the excess assets or its equivalent in money to the Federal Government.  

-For the purpose of imposing a penalty on conviction under this section, due regard shall be had to the amount or value of assets by which the assets of the convicted employee are in excess of his legitimate known and provable income and assets.

– In determining the assets of an employee, any gift, bequest, donation or fraudulent, fictitious or artificial transaction made by the employee during the relevant period shall be treated as forming part of his assets.  

– For the purposes of this section, the income and assets of an employee shall include salaries, allowances, returns on investment, gifts, donations and bequests received by him. 

Offences relating to assets declaration  

– Any employee affected by this Act who: 

(a) knowingly fails to make full disclosure of the assets and liabilities required to be made under this Act; 

(b) knowingly makes a declaration that is false, knowing same to be false in part or in whole;  

(c) fails to answer any question contained in the appropriate form under this Act; or  

(d) fails, neglects or refuses to make a declaration or furnish information as required by the provisions of this Act, commits an offence under this Act and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term of ten years.  

-Any assets found not to have been disclosed shall, in addition to any or both of the penalties prescribed under subsection (1) of this section or that prescribed in section 7 of this Act, be forfeited to the Federal Government. 

Offence relating to fronting  

-Any person who-  

(a) acts as a front for an employee of a Bank or does or omits to do anything or acts in a manner likely to defeat the objects of this Act;   

(b) unlawfully acquires, disposes, operates, owns or retains any assets for or on behalf of any employee of a Bank, commits an offence under this Act and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for seven years.

 -In addition to the imprisonment prescribed in subsection (1) of this section, the assets in question shall be forfeited to the Federal Government.  

– For the purposes of this section, a person acts as a front if – 

(a) he accepts a gift, donation or bequest from an employee of a Bank on the understanding or in circumstances in which it could be inferred that such a gift, donation or bequest was intended to be held on behalf of, or in trust for or the use of the employee, his spouse, children, parents, relatives, associates or privies; 

(b) he knowingly enters into a fraudulent, fictitious or artificial transaction with the employee. 

Offences relating to importation and exportation of goods and products  

– Any person who forges, falsifies or alters any document relating to importation or exportation of goods, products or any article whatsoever shall be guilty of an offence under this Act and shall be liable to imprisonment for a term of ten years and any asset found to have been illegitimately acquired shall be forfeited to the Federal Government.  

– In this section, “document” means any banking, customs or shipping documents including but not limited to letters of credit (confirmed or unconfirmed), bill of lading and invoices.  

– Trial of offences under this Act  

An offence under this Act shall be triable by the Federal High Court.  

Application of Act to the Nigerian Customs Service and to other persons and institutions

  -The provisions of this Act shall apply to the Comptroller-General, Deputy Comptroller-General, Assistant Comptroller-General, Chief Collector, Principal Collector, Collector and other officer, staff or employee of the Nigerian Customs Service as they apply to a Chief Executive or an employee of a Bank. 

– The President may direct by an instrument published in the Federal Gazette that the provisions of this Act be applied to any other person, class of employees, institutions or bodies either in the private or public sector of the Nigerian economy.

Regulations 

-The President may make regulations for the effective implementation of this Act.