Two years after the botch of its earlier scheduled launch, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Commission, said it has set a new date for the launch of the bloc’s single currency Eco.

In June 2019, the Authority of ECOWAS Heads of States and Government agreed, during its Extraordinary Session in Abuja, to have a single currency and adopted the name Eco, though the idea of a single currency was conceived back in 2003. The currency was expected to be launched in 2020.

Now NAN reports that Mr. Jean-Claude Brou, the President of ECOWAS Commission, has said that the community has resumed convergence to launch the ECOWAS single currency in 2027. It’s more of a reiteration of the bloc’s decision last year.

Brou made this known on Tuesday while delivering reports of the ECOWAS Commission before the ECOWAS Parliament during the ongoing 2022 First Ordinary Session of the Parliament in Abuja.

Brou said that the process of launching the single currency was stalled following the outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic from 2020, as countries needed to focus on handling the pandemic.

He explained that the convergence criteria had to be thorough so that the currency once implemented will serve the citizens effectively.

We had to suspend that in 2022, 2021. We are looking at 2022 to 2026 to be able to create conditions that will enable us to stabilise the economies.

“And so, 2027 we go back to the currency. The process of the performance criteria is always prioritized if we want to be in a very favorable condition to introduce the single currency.

Because you can introduce the currency but what is required is that it should be of quality.

“In other words, it should serve the needs of the population and also should inspire confidence and trust in in the population.

So that is the main objective, to ensure that the convergence criteria is been followed,” Brou said.

Rep. Awaji Abiante, Member of the ECOWAS Parliament and Nigerian lawmaker representing Andoni-Opobi/Nkoro Federal Constituency of Rivers, said that the delay in the launch of the currency is to avoid any form of crisis.

Speaking to journalists on the sideline of the session, Abiante said that the single currency is work in progress and there is hope that sometimes it will work.

“Every good thing comes with its challenges so getting the economies of the 15 member states to agree on that transaction and how it can be moved forward.

“If it is hurried, definitely it could run into crisis so it is good to have every aspect of it discussed, agreement reached, such that it will be implementable,” Abiante said.

On the sustainability and benefits of the currency, Abiante said that until it is implemented, one cannot say how viable it would be.

“Whatever anybody says, it is just going to be mere projections, it is only when it is implemented that you will see the benefits.

“But simply put, it will ease transactions, it will open up the economies, it will make it freer for people to engage in both commercial and industrial activities,” he said.

However, concern has remained about the sustainability of a single currency in a bloc that has failed to live up to its intra-trade and integration obligations. The 15 members of Ecowas; Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, have failed to settle their differences to promote growth in the region.

For instance, in 2019, Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, shut its land borders and banned importation of food items from neighboring countries. The border closure, which lasted for nearly a year, greatly limited import and export of goods and services from Nigeria to other ECOWAS states. It was a bold breach of the ECOWAS charter and stood against the idea of African Continental Free Trade Area Area (AfCFTA).

In another case that has lingered for years, the Ghana Traders Association, backed by the government, launched an attack on Nigerian traders doing business in Ghana, asking them to leave or pay as much as $1 million in trade permit fees.

But besides these unending issues that keep making mockery of everything that ECOWAS is supposed to stand for is another concern – France, Nigeria and by extension Eco being pegged to euro.

France’s influence on the eight Francophone members of the ECOWAS has been a concern to their Anglophone counterparts. CFA Franc, the common currency of Francophone countries is heavily tied to France, who is using it to wield colonial influence in Africa that any move to launch the Eco without dismantling the status quo, will mean putting the Anglophone countries under France’s monetary influence.

To exert the monetary independence of the single currency idea, monetary convergence, the foundation stone of Eco, requires the French-speaking members of ECOWAS to untie their monetary framework from that of France, to enable a merger of CFA Franc and Eco. This is necessary because; the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), the central bank that is managing the currency of the eight countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union that use the CFA franc, and would likely serve as the central bank for the Eco, is depositing half of its exchange reserves with the Public Treasury of France.

French President Emmanuel Macron, who had promised to dismantle France’s old legacy in Africa and establish a new relationship that will respect modern (anticolonial) sentiment, changed his tone recently following the move by French-speaking West African countries to untie themselves from CFA Franc.

“In May 2020, Paris kicked and started the official process leading to the replacement of the 77-year-old CFA franc with Eco, a French version of the ECOWAS initiative, meant to serve as the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU also known as UEMOA), founded by Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Mali, Benin, Togo, and Niger, as an arm of ECOWAS that advances the cause of the Francophone West African countries,” a report by the Guardian Magazine noted.

The monetary convergence requires that the monetary agreement bound France to its former colonies in West Africa be dismantled not replaced. Thus, France’s recent turnaround from its promise to establish a new agreement that will end its 77-year old monetary legacy in Francophone West Africa, becomes a new challenge to the launch of Eco.

Not charting a new independent monetary path will only mean a transition of France’s imperialism through the Eco, which will be pegged to the euro, and backed by the French Treasury. The euro will guarantee the Eco’s convertibility and stability, with the treasury remaining as guarantor for all eight WAEMU countries. It is a development that the English-speaking members of the ECOWAS do not want to align with. Ghana and Nigeria had in 2020 condemned the idea, the Ghanaian government saying that it would only ditch its troubled cedi for the sub-regional currency if it was de-pegged from the euro.

On the other hand, other internal issues between ECOWAS member states remain to be resolved. For instance, Nigeria, the most populated country and the largest economy in the bloc controls over 60% of the sub-region’s economy, which has given the country’s currency the naira a sense of sovereignty over the years. Accepting the sub-region’s single currency will mean that the naira will lose its status in the region – and that’s a development that Nigeria doesn’t seem willing to accept, as it has demonstrated by its lack of leadership commitment to the Eco goal.

10Naira = 10 e-Naira = 10 w-Naira

With e-Naira not increasing the material value of that N10, why must I convert that pure Naira to e-Naira? For most Nigerians, the problem is not how to “store” their naira but how to make more Naira. Provided e-Naira does not solve that problem at scale, it has limited value.

In engineering, we call it transduction, moving something from one energy state to another. When you do that, you expect to optimize usage at the new energy state. e-Naira could save transaction cost but that is exceedingly minimal and insignificant for most when you compare the troubles associated with the transduction. 

So, what is the new value that e-Naira gives me that w-Naira or pure Naira does not? That is why I am not bullish on e-Naira and certainly do not believe in the experiment El Salvador is doing. The problem in that country is not whether people pay in Bitcoin or their local currency, but the ability to earn that money, irrespective of the form. 

Yes, the new form of currency does not do anything because the new state, post-transduction, does not deliver any leverageable advantage. For me, expecting to drive economic growth that way is not a sound policy. That is a big own-goal especially now that the investment has dropped by half, impoverishing its people.

w-Naira means money in a fintech wallet, mobile banking app, etc.

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Comment: The e-naira does not bring any significant value to the holder, rather it’s the issuer that is saving minting cost, in addition to trailing every transaction. You cannot scale digital currency in a country where every key infrastructure is subpar, the Immigration Service is comfortably having server blackouts whenever it pleases, and it doesn’t bother them a great deal. The grid that is sub 5000MW keeps collapsing. What happens if e-naira server fails to come up? Even the bus conductor won’t let you come down from the bus.

As for El Salvador, you cannot be afraid of falling down when you are already lying on the ground, it’s already a failed state, so any experiment there carries minimal risk.

It’s only productive systems that generate new wealth and increase purchasing power, moving the same value of money around doesn’t give you that. We are simply swapping and flipping, no increased productivity.

El Salvador Loses Half Of Its Crypto Investment In Value, As Bitcoin Crashes

I wrote a piece in Harvard Business Review titled “Can African Tech Startups Succeed in a World Dominated by Facebook and Google?” and provided some insights on how startups can play in a world where ICT utilities are dominating all domains of the digital technology sector. But what Apple did this month (as noted in Apple WWDC event) has taken that ICT utility conversation to another level. In just a few minutes, Apple struck many startups; many will not recover. Here are how (Jano, Medium):

Apple Pay Later: That is the latest thing for Buy Now Pay Later with No interest. Apple’s treasury is massive. It has cash reserves many countries will dream of. With that war chest, it has unlocked another fintechnolization where all platforms attain a stable state as a fintech. Companies like Afterpay, Klarna, Affirm are victims.

Freeform: With this new feature, Apple has elevated the minimalist collaboration whiteboard buzz, taking out companies like Mural and Miro.

Passkey: A new domain of handling passwords. Companies like 1Password and Keeper have new problems now.

Tap to Pay: Apple products now support the ability to tap a wireless card or iPhone-iPhone to pay. Square, Toast and others in this space have new challenges ahead.

Apple’s iOS is a digital operating system and iPhone is a modern commerce platform. When you have such pillars under one company, many bad things could happen to small entities which depend on them. Yes, over time, Apple will abstract these services and fold them into the native system.

A man was complaining the other day about how the Nigerian Armed Forces forcefully and illegally took his landed property in the Maitama area of Abuja. For those that are not conversant with Abuja, Maitama is a high-brow area of Abuja, it is the “Ikoyi” of Abuja so any property in that area must be worth hundreds of millions of Naira if not billions. 

Some people were advising the man to go to court and sue the military to reclaim his property and the man who is quite enlightened asked his advisers; “going to court and suing the armed forces is to what end”? After spending a huge sum of money dragging a court case for years and the court finally grants him judgment how do they enforce the judgment against the military, which court bailiff or policemen can boldly go to the land which the military guards every day to kick out the military men from the property. 

As a lawyer, I saw reasons in his argument for his reluctance to go to court and why he does not want to waste his time and resources going to court. Rather, he has been applying diplomacy and calling forth anyone who can intercede on the matter to intercede on his behalf. 

This is The major problem bedeviling the Nigerian Judicial system. The problem of the enforcement of court judgments.

This issue has made a lot of persons lose faith in the Nigerian judiciary which ought to be the last hope of the common man. Aggrieved persons who know that they have a good case and should approach the judiciary to grant them the justice they deserve are always reluctant in doing that because they feel even when they have been granted justice by the court, the enforcement of that justice becomes another issue. Enforcement becomes a difficulty especially when the defendant is a government agency, top government official(s) or law enforcement agency, or other government owned institutions or parastatals.

For instance, how do you enforce a judgment against the military in a country like Nigeria where the military think they are more powerful than everybody put together in the society. Which court bailiff or police can enter the military barracks or military settlement or even the home of a military man to serve in court process or to enforce court judgment without the fear of being intimidated or being assaulted by the military.

How can you also enforce a judgment against government parastatals or agencies? 

Most times when citizens sue law enforcement agencies for fundamental human rights enforcement and judgment is granted in their Favour, the issue becomes the enforcement of that judgment. 

When the court mandates a law enforcement agency or its agent to pay a citizen a particular sum as damages for the breach of their fundamental human rights the problem becomes getting their law enforcement agency or its agent to pay.

The police, the FRSC, the VIO, the customs/immigration, the EFCC, the DSS, the armed forces, and all other paramilitary/ law enforcement agency are all guilty of flaunting court orders and refusing to obey court judgments or refusing court judgment to be enforced against them.

If we must get it right, if we must restore the faith of the citizens in the judicial system and process, the government agencies and government officials must learn to obey court judgments and let there be full enforcement of court orders to the latter against any person no matter your status or standing in the society.

We have all witnessed how law enforcement agencies and government officials flaunt court orders with so much impunity. Law enforcement agencies are fond of disobeying court orders to grant a suspect in their custody bail or release the suspect even when the court has ordered bail or ordered them to release the suspect. The DSS is always handy in cases like this, especially when the case is politically motivated.

How can an aggrieved person whose fundamental human rights have been trampled upon enforce the judgment he got against an agency like the DSS, an agency that feels they are bigger than courts or not bound by regular rules of the land? 

Top government officials must be ready to subject themselves to the judicial system and also advise their subordinates to do the same too so that citizens won’t have any reason to engage in self-help and jungle justice or to be taking laws into their own hands to fight for themselves if the judiciary can’t fight for them. 

Enforcing judgments against individuals or private institutions is not always the problem but the problem comes with enforcing judgments against government agencies or top government officials or law enforcement agencies. Which law enforcement agency can you use to enforce a judgment against a government agency which is also owned by the government. 

The principle that No one is above the law should be the watchword. Every person, every institution, and every agency should subject themselves to the dictates of the judiciary that has been charged with explaining the law and serving justice to every one according to whichever anyone deserves.