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Why Nollywood Should Celebrate Prof. Françoise “Ijeoma” Ugochukwu

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Setting the Scene

Yes, you might find it a bit hard to come across the name on Google Scholar, at least not in the manner I have laid it out, but then again, that’s probably a good reason why you should read this tribute to a deserving individual irrespective of her dual baggage of foreignness and womanhood going by the African cultural construals.

I would save the details to the very end… don’t worry, you’d be glad I saved the best for last!

Let me kick this story off with its main trigger. I just received an alert from Academia.edu the online portal for academic papers published and shared freely outside the framework of “Open Access” as we in academia tend to describe it – albeit made possible through some sort of subvention that most individuals and organisations alike would be more than happy to circumvent (don’t quote me).

That article was entitled “Nollywood, Nigeria’s umbilical cord.” Yes, there are analogies and a bit of humour, both of which underlie the power of the Nigerian movie industry as a connector to Nigerians at home and in the diaspora.

Today, a significant 10% of the Nigerian diaspora live in the United Kingdom – probably the largest Nigerian community in Europe. Research carried out between January and March 2011 confirms the slow cultural erosion already reported by earlier studies and affecting Igbo and Yoruba resettled communities, with Nigerian languages on the decline. It also reveals the premium placed on communication among Nigerians, with 73.5% talking frequently to fellow Nigerians and watching Nigerian video films, massively preferred to foreign films.

Interestingly, the article seems to zero in on two of the three ethnic groups in the South (notable East & West) as follows:

This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of Nigerian video-films among resettled communities in the UK and find the reasons behind the success of these films among Nigerians, focusing on Igbo and Yoruba speakers.

Related to these geographic spaces is the identity issue and diasporic connections inferred in the title.

It investigates the potential importance of language in viewers’ motivations and practices, the role played by the cultural message of the films in identity-reinforcement within the Nigerian community, and the impact of these video-films on the revival of cultural practices among diasporic communities. It shows that these films, acting like an umbilical cord feeding ‘abroad members’ with pictures and sounds from the home country, have empowered diasporic Nigerians to cope with their situation, reclaim their culture and keep in touch with their ancestral land. 

Highlights

For the purpose of this study, we will adopt Safran’s definition of Diaspora (1991: 83-84), based on a six point-list describing this group – notably disperse; collective in memory; alienated/ insulated; craving to return; homeland restoration; and ethnocommunal consciousnesss:

“(1) they, or their ancestors, have been dispersed from a specific original ‘centre’ to two or more ‘peripheral’, or foreign, regions; (2) they retain a collective memory, vision, or myth about their original homeland – its physical location, history, and achievements; (3) they believe they are not – and perhaps cannot be – fully accepted by their host society and therefore feel partly alienated and insulated from it; (4) they regard their ancestral homeland as their true, ideal home and as the place to which they or their descendants would (or should) eventually return – when conditions are appropriate; (5) they believe that they should, collectively, be committed to the maintenance or restoration of their original homeland and its safety and prosperity; and (6) they continue to relate, personally or vicariously, to that homeland in one way or another, and their ethnocommunal consciousness and solidarity are importantly defined by the existence of such a relationship.”

 The article (and many others related to it agree) highlight implications for Nigerians in Diaspora Organisation (NIDO) worldwide, which is currently structured into eight regions including NIDOA for USA and NIDOE for Europe, and recognised by the Nigerian government as the umbrella organisation for all Nigerians around the world and as a vanguard of Nigeria in the international community performing the following ambassadorial functions:

Promote Nigeria’s image abroad, encourage patriotism, networking and cooperation among Nigerians abroad, and assist in promoting Nigeria as an investment destination in Africa.  

Introducing Professor Ugochukwu

Professor Françoise Ugochukwu (Igbo name: Ijeoma), habilitée à diriger des recherches, is a Chartered linguist & an Africanist with special interest in Nollywood, Nigerian and intercultural Studies. A retired Professor from the University of Nigeria, currently affiliated to the Open University (UK), Dept of Development Policy & Practice as a Research Fellow, she is also a Senior Research Fellow, IFRA (Ibadan). She lectured in Higher Education in Nigeria, France and the UK, 1972-2014. She is now a full-time researcher and PhD examiner. She also serves as an expert on the Paris-based ‘Neverforgetbiafra’ endowment fund. She is the author of the first Igbo-French dictionary (a Franco-Nigerian joint venture), of several books and more than a hundred book chapters and articles in English and in French in reputable journals worldwide; she also translated the first Igbo novel, Omenuko, into French.  Her pioneering work in the field and longstanding contribution to the strengthening of cultural and educational ties between France and Nigeria awarded her the national distinction of Chevalier des Palmes Académiques in 1994.

 

Read More:

 

Ugochukwu, F. (2011). Nollywood, Nigerians’ umbilical cord. African Renaissance, 8(2), 59-75.

Madichie, N. O., Ajakaiye, B. O., & Ratten, V. (2019). The Impact of New Media (Digital) and Globalisation on Nollywood. In Digital Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 89-121). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-04924-9_5

WeWork and Nigeria’s Stock Exchange Latency Lever

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The Nigerian Stock Exchange is unique for many things. But one surprises me: news hardly move prices of equities in the short-run. It is like investors do not follow the news.  The day an energy company got a big hammer from the Securities and Exchange Commission, I watched to see the impact on the equity. At the end of the day, nothing significant happened. 

A bank CEO was locked up by EFCC over a weekend, the bank equity traded on the Monday largely unchanged. A bank declares record profit, and the next day, nothing significant happens on its valuation. Sure, over time, the trajectory becomes noticeable. 

I have coined a phrase to explain this observation – latency lever; Nigeria has one of the longest in the world. Latency lever is a period between a significant news on a company, and when a visible associated impact (i.e. the lever is pulled) is seen on its traded equity.  In U.S, it is near instantaneous; in Nigeria, give it at least a week!

This brings me to We Company, the parent of WeWork, a quasi-technology real estate company that operates mainly in U.S. We Company last raised private capital at a valuation of $47 billion. It wanted to go public and had filed paperwork with road shows planned. But it has many governance issues, triggering scenarios that its public valuation could fall below $20 billion. So the road show is cancelled and the IPO is postponed, the Wall Street Journal notes..

WeWork’s parent postponed its initial public offering after investors questioned how much the company is worth and raised concerns about its corporate governance.

The shared-workspace company—which had planned to begin a roadshow to market the shares as early as Monday ahead of a trading debut next week—shelved the offering until at least next month, people familiar with the matter said.

This company has not even gone public but the impacts of news are evident. Its main backer, Japanese SoftBank Group,  is even facing pushback as it works to raise a new fund from its partners.

The biggest backers of SoftBank Group Corp.’s gargantuan Vision Fund are reconsidering how much to commit to its next investment vehicle as an oversized bet on flexible workspace provider WeWork sours.

Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, which contributed $45 billion to the $100 billion Vision Fund, is now only planning to reinvest profits from that vehicle into its successor, according to people familiar with the talks. Abu Dhabi’s Mubadala Investment Co., which invested $15 billion, is considering paring its future commitment to below $10 billion, the people said, asking not to be identified in disclosing internal deliberations.

Contrast that with when a bank CEO is locked up by EFCC, a financial crime fighter, and the bank market cap unchanged at the end of the next trading day, you will appreciate the uniqueness of public investors in Nigeria. Yes, that lack of visible action cannot be explained by rules designed to avoid drastic fall on market valuation of companies. Of course, wait for a few weeks, those investors will begin to run. I am not sure if it is due to the structure of the exchange since it has become computerised to a large extent. I just think the investors are unique in how they process information, and take actions on Buy, Sell and Hold.

Employees Are The Problem of Employees

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Oil workers

I met a friend who told me about his company.

He asked his supervisor for three days break. He was travelling to Abuja to write a professional exam.

He was granted permission on one condition – the three days off will be deducted from his monthly salary.

So shocking!

Like seriously, do we still have companies that do that?

If a company won’t support the career growth and development of employees, then why is it necessary to work in such a company?

To worsen the matter, he told me – ”If I don’t resume after three days, I will lose the whole of my salary for September.”

That’s so ridiculous. Considering the journey would take him, 5 – 8 hours.

Break it down – he’s writing the exam on Thursday. So he travels for 5 – 8 hours on Wednesday, meaning he will spend the whole day on the road. He writes the exam on Thursday evening and travels back on Friday for another 5 – 8 hours. He’s expected to resume back to work on Saturday.

I have no idea why a supervisor would treat a fellow employee that way. Sometimes, the problem is not the CEO or business owner, I realized that employees are actually the problem of employees in the company.

How?

Unhealthy competition and eyeservice are rampant in some work environments. Employees trying to compete with other employees in order to receive favour from management or to appear like an angel before them.

When unhealthy competitions start to exist in the company, then every employee starts playing games against each other. This causes disunity amongst them and makes it easier for the management to manipulate them.

In the end, employees are always at the losing side because management will replace everyone seen as incapable or unproductive. Or the company closes down, and both employees and employers lose out, making everyone a job seeker again.

Nothing compares to teamwork. Indeed, it makes the dream work.

The first thing every management should strive to have in the company is teamwork. But if management only favours those who work well, that could breed jealousy and envy in the work environment.

Over the course of time, it may end up killing everyone’s morale and productivity. One thing is for sure – ”every worker is important to the company.”

Nigerian Government Sets Up Committee for AMCON’s Debt Recovery

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The Federal Government of Nigeria, through the office of the vice president, has set up an Inter-Agency task force on the 5 trillion naira Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON)’s debt recovery. The office of the vice president announced on Tuesday.

This is coming a day after the Economic Management Team (EMT), headed by the vice president prof. Yomi Osinbajo was dissolved and the new Economic Advisory Council (EAC), was inaugurated.

It appears the vice president is taking a new role in the place of EMT, and it is on AMCON debt recovery. With the challenges that the government has encountered in its bid to recover from debtors the sum of 5 trillion naira, it’s obvious that the method used didn’t work, therefore, the idea of an Inter-Agency Committee was welcomed.

The Committee was tasked to turn the table around in what has been a difficult process that has seen debtors incessantly default in their payment obligations.

According to the statement issued by the office of the vice president: about 67% of the outstanding 5 trillion naira AMCON debt is said to be owed by just 20 individuals or entities.

The vice president charged the Committee to live up to its responsibilities, one of them, developing a workable timeline.

“One of the terms of reference is for the Committee to prepare a report, giving us a sense of what the timeline would be.” He said.

Under the chairmanship of the Chairman of the Independent Corrupt Practices and other related offences Commission (ICPC), prof. Bolaji Owasanoye, the Committee was charged to consider every lawful means in their quest for the debt recovery. Even if it means taking enforcement measures.

“I congratulate you on the very onerous task that has been set, to render this service. I know that, given the kind of individuals here, you will definitely turn this whole narrative around. So I wish you all very well.” The vice president encouraged.

Members of the Committee who are made up of the heads and representatives of financial agencies such as the AMCON, EFCC, NFIU, ICPC, CBN, NDIC and Federal Ministry of Justice, are expected to review the status of all debts in respect to AMCON, consider the practicality of recovery, work out a recovery strategy with specific timelines for completion.

The Importance of Tertiary Education in Nigeria

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University of Ibadan, a federal university

There is this funny meme someone posted on his WhatsApp status, which showed that Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg ‘dropped’ out of school and made it big while a Nigerian dropped out and ended up a Lagos Danfo driver. This meme is quite hilarious but educating. If there is anything I understand from that meme, it is that Nigerians need to pass through higher institutions to be successful in their careers.

I know there are so many Nigerian mega millionaires that aren’t graduates. But most of our billionaires making waves today are all graduates. For instance Aliko Dangote, Mike Adenuga and Abdul Samad Rabiu are all university graduates. Even those that didn’t go to tertiary schools employ graduates to help them set up and manage their businesses. They know the importance of education and that’s why they don’t fill up their establishments with ‘dropouts’.

Nigerians need to change their mindsets about referring to foreign countries that don’t need degree qualifications to offer employments. They should understand that this is Nigeria, where certificates matter. We can’t change this overnight so we need to do whatever we can to sustain ourselves in the country. The only thing I can say that is gradually changing is that skills are becoming important too. So, very soon, certificates alone will not guarantee someone a job in Nigeria.

Besides, I don’t really know which of these countries encourage ‘lack’ of tertiary education because most of them that I know of seek for highly educated immigrants that will join their labour force. Some German universities even went as far as offering free tuition to international students just because they need more graduates to work in their system. So, I believe it is not true that developed countries of the world do not value tertiary education any more. But I believe they want skills in addition to certificates.

I am not saying that everybody must attend a university before becoming successful. What I am trying to point out here is that there is need to go further than secondary school education. Nigeria as it is today does not have enough in the curriculum for her secondary school leavers to acquire needed skills and knowledge that will pull them through their career path. Usually, the higher institutions are the places where Nigerians are introduced to life in the career world. So, if a person can’t make it to the university, he should try out polytechnics, monotechnics, colleges of education and certificate awarding specialised higher institutions. There are so many of them in this country (approved and fully accredited).

There are several reasons why people need to go to higher institutions. These include:

a. Learning from people’s experiences. This is actually very necessary. When you go to a tertiary institution, you will be exposed to both the mistakes and success of others. This means that you will have the opportunity of discovering and avoiding wrong decision makings. In other words, you will learn how to try out new paths towards success.

b. Deeper knowledge of your field. Of course, you will have an intense study into your area of specialization.

c. Acquisition of academic certificates. A lot of people will say that there is nothing in a higher school certificate. But that isn’t true because someone that has a post secondary school certificate can easily fall back on it when he needs to change his source of income. For example, if someone that is self-employed encounters some challenges in his business, he may decide to find a paid job with his certificate until he could sort himself out.

d. Greater advantage in job hunt. People that have higher certificates have added advantages when it comes to getting competitive jobs, especially if they have experience, desired skills and professional certificates.

e. Better status in the society. As far we know, Nigerian society respects knowledge. And the easiest way to showcase your knowledge is by obtaining certificates. In fact in Nigeria, the higher your certificate is, the greater your respect in the society will be.

f. You are an authority. If you happen not to study a course in the university or any other school of higher learning, people will not really trust your ideas and judgements on related matters. I always experience this anytime I discuss matters outside the boundary of the English language. If the discussion requires deeper knowledge about the concerned topic, I am always reminded that I’m going into an unknown zone even if I’m talking out of experience.

g. Healthier self-esteem. I know that if you have an argument with some that didn’t attend a higher institution, he will be quick to remind you that he won’t be intimidated by you because you went to school. I’ve also seen people that went to tertiary schools because they want to obtain certificate to boost their status in the society, not because they want to look for a corporate job or use the knowledge they gathered.

I know most of the reasons people do not continue to higher institutions after their secondary schools is because of fund or UTME ‘frustration’. I’ll advice people like this to attend part-time and weekend programmes in universities and other schools of higher learning. They can also try out National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), which admits students without JAMB. They may have to look for jobs to keep them busy and help them sort their financial needs.

It is never too late to try. If you don’t have an added certificate to your SSCE, try to enrol into one school of higher learning this September, no matter what you do for a living. Trust me, it will do you a lot of good.