Volkswagen AG, Europe’s largest carmaker, on Tuesday, reported a steep 53% decline in full-year 2025 operating profit to €8.9 billion ($10.4 billion), missing analyst expectations and underscoring the mounting pressures facing the German automotive giant.

The results reflect a combination of U.S. import tariffs, adverse currency effects, a strategic reset at its high-margin Porsche brand, and intensifying competition from Chinese electric-vehicle (EV) manufacturers in both Europe and China.

Full-year revenue remained essentially flat at nearly €322 billion, down slightly from €324.7 billion in 2024. The operating return on sales margin narrowed sharply to 2.8% from 5.9% a year earlier — well below the company’s long-term target range of 7–8%. Analysts polled by LSEG had expected a 2025 operating profit of €9.4 billion.

For 2026, management guided to relatively cautious growth: revenue is projected to rise between 0% and 3%, while the operating margin is expected to recover to a range of 4% to 5.5%. Both forecasts fell short of analyst consensus, reflecting ongoing headwinds including persistent U.S. tariffs on imported vehicles and parts, softening demand in China, and elevated raw-material and energy costs.

Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer Arno Antlitz described 2025 as a “really challenging” year but insisted Volkswagen remains “well positioned” in its home European market.

“We increased our market share slightly despite increased Chinese competition,” he told CNBC’s Annette Weisbach. “In electric vehicles, we even achieved a market share of more than 25%, 27%, so more than in the combustion-engine segment.”

The modest EV market-share gain in Europe — driven by models such as the ID. family and the new ID.7 — stands in contrast to the broader industry picture. Chinese brands, including BYD, NIO, Xpeng, and Geely-owned brands, have rapidly gained ground in Europe through aggressive pricing and a growing network of dealerships and service centers.

U.S. Tariffs Remain a Major Headwind

Volkswagen’s results arrive against the backdrop of continued U.S. import tariffs imposed under President Donald Trump. The duties, initially enacted under Section 232 national-security provisions and later expanded, have significantly raised the cost of exporting vehicles and components from Europe to North America. Volkswagen’s Chattanooga, Tennessee, plant produces the Atlas SUV and ID.4 EV for the U.S. market, but the company still relies on imports for certain models and parts, exposing it to tariff-related margin compression.

Antlitz did not quantify the precise tariff impact but acknowledged the burden. The company has been accelerating localization efforts, including plans to expand EV production capacity in North America, to mitigate future exposure.

Despite the ongoing U.S.-Iran conflict and associated oil-price volatility (Brent crude trading above $104 per barrel), Antlitz downplayed immediate business disruption.

“This crisis is obviously concerning for all our partners and customers in the region and their families,” he said. “In terms of effect on our business, so far it is limited. In terms of oil or gas or energy, we have long-term contracts so we are basically hedged on that side and currently we also do not see major supply constraints.”

Volkswagen’s global supply chain includes some Middle East-sourced components and raw materials (aluminum, steel precursors), but the company’s energy hedging and diversified sourcing have so far shielded it from acute shortages. Aviation disruptions, with airspace closures affecting westbound flights from Europe, have had minimal direct impact on manufacturing logistics, though they have complicated executive and engineer travel.

Market Reaction and Investor Sentiment

Volkswagen shares rose 4% in early Frankfurt trading on Tuesday, bucking the broader European market weakness. The stock has fallen more than 12% year-to-date, reflecting investor concerns over tariff exposure, Chinese competition, and slower-than-expected EV adoption in key markets. The modest 2026 guidance and profit-margin recovery target suggest management is taking a conservative stance, prioritizing cost discipline and structural efficiency over aggressive growth promises.

Volkswagen’s results mirror challenges facing the entire European auto sector. Stellantis, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Renault have all reported margin pressure from tariffs, currency headwinds, and Chinese competition. The region’s carmakers are accelerating cost-cutting programs, increasing local production in North America and Southeast Asia, and doubling down on software-defined vehicles to differentiate from lower-cost Chinese rivals.

The conflict in the Middle East adds to the challenge. While Volkswagen is hedged against near-term energy-cost spikes, a prolonged disruption of Gulf oil flows could eventually feed through to higher input costs and consumer demand weakness if inflation accelerates and central banks delay rate cuts.

Volkswagen’s 2025 results confirm a difficult transition year marked by external shocks and internal repositioning. The modest 2026 guidance underlines realism rather than pessimism: management expects gradual margin recovery through cost discipline, continued EV market-share gains in Europe, and progress on localization to reduce tariff exposure.

The stock’s early 4% gain suggests some investors view the results as “bad news already priced in,” with potential for upside if geopolitical risks ease and Chinese competition proves manageable. For now, Volkswagen remains in a defensive crouch — focused on execution, cost control, and navigating an exceptionally volatile global environment.

German publishers, advertisers, and marketing trade groups are pressing the country’s antitrust regulator to impose penalties on Apple, arguing that the technology giant’s proposed adjustments to its app tracking framework fail to resolve competition concerns tied to its control over user data within the iPhone ecosystem.

The call for action comes as Germany’s competition watchdog, the Bundeskartellamt, continues its investigation into Apple’s App Tracking Transparency (ATT) framework, a privacy feature that has reshaped the mobile advertising industry since its introduction.

The authority charged Apple in February last year with abusing its market power, after a wave of complaints from companies whose businesses depend heavily on advertising data. Among those raising concerns were the Facebook owner Meta Platforms, app developers, publishers, and digital advertisers who argued that the system unfairly restricts access to data needed to deliver targeted advertising.

At the center of the dispute is the ATT tool, which Apple introduced to give users the ability to decide whether apps can track their activity across other companies’ apps and websites. Under the system, apps must seek explicit permission from users before collecting tracking identifiers used in targeted advertising.

Apple has framed the feature as a major step toward strengthening digital privacy. The company says the tool ensures that iPhone and iPad users remain in control of their personal data, particularly when it comes to cross-app tracking used by advertising networks.

“The tracking industry has consistently fought our efforts to keep users in control of their data, and this is just their latest attempt to gain unfettered access to personal information,” Apple said in response to the latest criticism. “We will continue to defend this important privacy tool for our users.”

Apple added that German data protection regulators had confirmed that ATT complies with existing privacy rules. The company also cited a study it commissioned, indicating that a large majority of iOS users support the ability to control whether apps track their behavior across different digital platforms.

The dispute highlights a growing clash between technology platforms seeking to strengthen privacy protections and the advertising industry, which relies on detailed user data to measure campaign performance and personalize marketing.

In December, Apple attempted to address the concerns raised by the German regulator by proposing changes to the framework. The company said it would introduce neutral consent prompts that apply equally to Apple’s own services and to third-party apps, while aligning the wording, content, and visual design of permission requests.

Apple also proposed simplifying the consent process for developers so that they can request permission for advertising-related data processing in a way that complies with European data protection regulations.

Industry groups, however, say the changes do little to alter the power imbalance they believe exists within Apple’s ecosystem.

In a joint letter submitted to the competition authority, several associations — including the German Advertising Federation and the German Association of the Branded Goods Industry — argued that Apple’s proposed commitments would not resolve the concerns outlined by regulators.

Bernd Nauen, chief executive of the German Advertising Federation, said the framework would continue to give Apple significant control over advertising-related data generated through its devices.

“The proposed commitments would not change the negative effects of the App Tracking Transparency Framework,” Nauen said in the letter.

According to the groups, Apple would remain the central “data gatekeeper,” determining which companies gain access to advertising data and how businesses communicate with customers using Apple devices.

“Apple would remain the data gatekeeper and would continue to decide who gets access to advertising-relevant data and how companies can communicate with their end customers,” Nauen added.

The associations are now urging the Bundeskartellamt to reject Apple’s proposed commitments, require the company to discontinue the tracking framework in its current form, and impose financial penalties.

Under Germany’s competition law, companies found guilty of abusing market dominance can be fined up to 10% of their global annual revenue. For Apple, whose yearly revenue exceeds $380 billion, such penalties could reach tens of billions of dollars.

The case is part of a broader regulatory push in Europe to scrutinize the market power of large technology platforms. Authorities across the region have increasingly focused on the influence companies such as Apple exert over digital ecosystems, including app distribution, payment systems, and access to user data.

Germany has been particularly active in this area. The Bundeskartellamt has already designated Apple as a company of “paramount significance for competition across markets,” a classification that allows the regulator to intervene earlier and impose behavioral restrictions if it determines the firm is abusing its dominance.

The debate around ATT also reflects wider economic shifts in the digital advertising industry. Since the feature was introduced globally in 2021, advertisers and social media platforms have reported significant disruptions to the way they track users and measure the effectiveness of campaigns.

Meta previously warned that Apple’s privacy changes could cost its business billions of dollars in lost advertising revenue by limiting its ability to track users across apps and websites.

Smaller developers and publishers have also complained that the restrictions make it harder to monetize free apps supported by advertising, potentially tilting the market in favor of companies that rely on subscription models or direct payments.

Privacy advocates, however, have welcomed the system as a necessary safeguard in an era when smartphones collect vast quantities of behavioral data about users.

They argue that requiring explicit consent for tracking restores a measure of control to consumers who may not have been fully aware of how extensively their digital activity was monitored for advertising purposes.

The Bundeskartellamt is now reviewing the feedback from industry groups alongside Apple’s proposed commitments.

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (A) has ushered in a new era of product development that operates under a distinct and unforgiving set of rules which do not align with the conventional SaaS business model where digital products benefit from near-zero marginal costs and network effects with scale.

At the heart of this new paradigm lies the brutal economic reality of AI. Unlike traditional software, AI products are built on a foundation of real marginal costs driven by token usage and GPU compute, like what you see in physical products. Simply, the SaaS’ near-zero marginal cost as you grow is replaced by an unpredictable and potentially exorbitant cost of inference. Every prompt is a cost, even as you scale!

My Co-learners, this necessitates an upfront, strategic approach to unit economics and scalable advantages, where profitability must be meticulously designed into the product from its inception. This economic model also dictates a more sophisticated approach to pricing. In today’s class, I will open my ICAN’s intermediate course on managerial accounting, examining marginal cost and how that could help in building pricing models for AI products.

Join us at Tekedia Mini-MBA:

Tue, March 10 | 7pm-8pm WAT | Executing A Winning AI Product Strategy in Africa – Ndubuisi Ekekwe | Zoom link 

Artificial intelligence startup Advanced Machine Intelligence said Tuesday it has raised $1.03 billion in new funding at a $3.5 billion pre-money valuation, as the company pursues a different path to AI development focused on reasoning, planning, and so-called “world models.”

The company was founded by renowned AI scientist Yann LeCun, who previously served as chief AI scientist at Meta Platforms. The financing marks one of the largest early-stage investments in an AI startup and positions AMI as a high-profile experiment in LeCun’s long-standing view that today’s large language models alone cannot produce truly intelligent machines.

The round was co-led by Cathay Innovation, Greycroft, Hiro Capital, HV Capital, and Bezos Expeditions, the investment vehicle of Jeff Bezos.

LeCun’s AMI is poised to challenge the dominance of large language models.

The funding places AMI at the center of an emerging debate within the AI research community about whether systems based primarily on large language models can eventually achieve human-level reasoning.

Most of the industry’s recent breakthroughs have come from models trained to predict the next word or pixel in a sequence, the core technique behind tools developed by companies such as OpenAI and Google. While these systems have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating text, code, and images, LeCun has argued they remain fundamentally limited.

Speaking in an interview, he said that prediction-based models alone will not lead to broadly capable intelligent agents.

AMI instead plans to build AI systems based on “world models,” architectures designed to simulate how the physical world works. These models aim to allow machines to reason about cause and effect, anticipate outcomes, and plan actions in dynamic environments.

According to LeCun, such systems would move AI closer to the type of common-sense reasoning humans rely on when interacting with the real world.

Industrial Applications First

The startup is initially targeting enterprise and industrial customers that operate complex systems where reasoning and planning capabilities could deliver significant productivity gains.

Potential clients include manufacturers, automakers, aerospace companies, biomedical firms, and pharmaceutical groups that manage intricate processes or large-scale simulations.

“We want to become the main provider of intelligent systems, regardless of what the application is,” LeCun said.

Industry analysts say the strategy is a reflection of a broader trend among AI startups to focus first on high-value enterprise deployments rather than consumer applications, where regulatory scrutiny and safety concerns are often greater.

A Potential Path Toward Robotics

While AMI’s early efforts will focus on industrial use cases, LeCun said the technology could eventually enable more advanced consumer products, particularly robotics.

A key challenge for robots operating in human environments is the ability to understand and reason about the physical world — something current AI systems struggle to do reliably.

“What consumers could be interacting with is a domestic robot,” LeCun said. “You need a domestic robot to have some level of common sense to really understand the physical world.”

Researchers have long argued that combining perception, reasoning, and planning capabilities could unlock a new generation of autonomous machines capable of performing everyday tasks in homes and workplaces.

Although LeCun left Meta at the end of 2025 after more than a decade leading its AI research efforts, his new venture may still collaborate with the technology giant.

He said discussions were underway about potentially deploying AMI’s technology in smart wearable devices developed by Meta, including its Ray-Ban smart glasses.

Meta has been intensifying its investment in artificial intelligence as competition across the technology sector accelerates. In June 2025, the company reorganized its AI efforts under a new division known as Meta Superintelligence Labs, led by former Scale AI chief executive Alexandr Wang.

The restructuring was part of a broader effort to accelerate development of large language models and next-generation AI systems that could power products across Meta’s ecosystem.

A Different Bet On The Future Of AI

AMI’s creation pops from LeCun’s long-held belief that the industry’s current trajectory may not deliver artificial general intelligence without new architectural breakthroughs. Rather than relying solely on ever-larger datasets and computing power, he argues that AI systems must learn internal representations of the world that allow them to reason about events and plan actions.

The new funding gives AMI substantial resources to pursue that vision at a time when investment in AI infrastructure and research is accelerating worldwide.

Although it’s not certain that the company’s approach can produce a viable alternative to today’s dominant AI models, the scale of the funding round suggests investors are willing to back competing ideas about how the next generation of intelligent systems will be built.