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Home Blog Page 3816

Russia and the Forging of Collective Arts to Disentangle Stereotypes

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Many of the geopolitical crises that have erupted in the previous few decades have been purposefully planned as components of plans to acquire new global soft power. Geopolitical players in the Global North control the majority of the disputes, with a few growing countries in the Global South engaging in moderate competition. Examinations reveal that over time, the actors have included arts, culture, and traditions into their soft strategic instruments. They are in use because, in most situations, individuals who have traveled to certain countries are familiar with them through the cultural legacies and customs they have either directly experienced from citizens or indirectly through mainstream media and social media.

According to observations, when people consume cultural heritage and tradition-focused content that contains multiple preconceptions, they despise persons affiliated with the heritage and traditions. This, in most circumstances, makes comprehending the true significance of the legacy and customs challenging. Several years ago, President John F. Kennedy stressed the role of poets, artists, and musicians in handling daily disputes and crises, citing their centuries-long quiet effort.

Poets, artists, and musicians are examples of creative and cultural producers. They all employ different approaches to make cultural goods to dispel different myths. One could argue that, as President Kennedy notes, their function is still crucial given that geopolitical leaders are using cultural heritage and customs as tactical instruments to win the soft power battle.

Russia is using collective art techniques to debunk various stereotypes that have been created and shared, as well as those that will be produced in the future, to undermine her cultural heritage and traditions in the eyes of people worldwide. This is comparable to Singapore Memory Project, which uses collective memory to democratize past memories of Singaporeans. The method uses more social processes to produce a range of artworks aimed at debunking false beliefs.

As geopolitical tensions and cultural misconceptions persist on a broad scale, “No Borders in Art” represents a transformative journey for Russia to overcome stereotypes and build cross-cultural understanding. The public online project has developed as a symbol of togetherness, bringing together creative minds from many backgrounds to convey Russia using the powerful language of art and media.

It is also crucial to note that in the context of difficult international relations marked by public hostility, “No Borders in Art” serves as a monument to the tenacity of cultural interchange. The platform has successfully brought together approximately twenty cultural and media professionals from many countries, underlining the value of collaboration in the face of escalating global disagreement. As nations battle with rediscovering historic values and confronting cultural onslaughts, the initiative responds to 21st-century geopolitical tensions. Beyond safeguarding particular nations, it confronts the greater harm to humanity posed by a unipolar world.

The “No Borders in Art” initiative sheds light on the expansive influence of Russian culture in the global socio-cultural space. Artists from different continents and diverse backgrounds, including Iran, Syria, Italy, Palestine, and Egypt, have joined forces to change the world for the better through their creative expressions.

Syrian artist Ezzi Roua, a visual artist with over 18 years of experience with universities and advertising agencies who has spent a decade in Russia, notes that the project is a manifestation of love for a country that has become a second home. Sharing admiration for Russia’s historical and cultural richness, Roua’s sentiments echo the collective passion of project participants, transcending geographical boundaries.

Italian artist Federica Vasselli, an advocate for Russia, draws inspiration from the Soviet Union’s powerful art, emphasizing the perfect balance between politics and painting. This sentiment resonates with the project’s goal to counteract divisive narratives through the unifying force of art. Vasselli became interested in Soviet art at school, particularly Rodchenko’s masterpiece featuring Lilya Brik shouting “BOOKS!” Inspired by Russian constructivism, suprematism, and the Soviet avant-garde, developed a style of socialist realism.

With contributors like Farzaneh Shafii, Ezzi Roua, Mohamad Khazaal, Talal Dayub, Ashraf Kamal, and Eyad Al-Belal, the project embodies a collective commitment to challenging stereotypes and fostering goodwill on a global scale.

As we navigate an era where cultural understanding is more crucial than ever, “No Borders in Art” invites us to appreciate the shared humanity that transcends political boundaries. By leveraging the power of collective arts memory, Russia’s initiative champions a world where creativity and collaboration triumph over prejudice and ignorance.

Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Moves to Intensify Security on PoS Terminals with New Features

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), in a bid to curb fraudulent activities on PoS terminals across Nigeria, has announced the plan to roll out a fraud-flagging feature by the end of the first quarter (Q1) of 2024.

The Apex bank through the Nigerian Electronic Fraud Forum (NEFF), has collaborated with the Association of Mobile Money and Banking Agents of Nigeria (AMMBAN) to create this feature that will help detect fraudulent transactions at agents’ locations, by requesting specific KYC details before processing some transactions.

Also, the initiative will seek to eliminate the unauthorized utilization of mobile money wallets, bank accounts, or credit cards and re-establish Nigeria’s reputation as a secure business destination.

The initiative which is nearing completion, is driven by the NeFF and the Nigerian Interbank Settlement System, according to AMMBAN President Fasasi Sarafadeen Atanda. The feature will be noticeable on Po terminals used by agents throughout the country, and its launch is expected in the first quarter of 2024.

Furthermore, a coalition involving security agencies such as the Nigerian Police and the Department of State Services, along with AMMBAN and NIBS, aims to foster easy tracking of fraudsters at agent locations. The coalition proposes a common identification system for the over 1.7 million banking agents on AMMBAN’s database.

The CBN’s move to launch a fraud-flagging feature on PoS terminals across Nigeria, by the end of the first quarter (Q1) of 2024, is a laudable initiative that is crucial, given the alarming rate of fraudulent transactions that occur on PoS terminals.

Regarded as one of the positive innovative interventions in the financial sector, the Point of Sales (PoS) system has undoubtedly made banking easy and promoted financial inclusion, especially in rural areas. However, on the flip side, it has been infiltrated by fraudsters who swindle unsuspecting Nigerians of their hard-earned money.

The Points of Sale terminals were introduced in the country in 2012 to promote the CBN’s cashless policy, which gave rise to agency banking in the country, but has also set up a challenge for customers as fraudsters have taken advantage of widespread use of their bank details to steal from them.

Statistics from the Nigeria Interbank Settlement System (NIBBS) revealed that the value of transactions through PoS terminals across the country in the first months of 2021 stood at a staggering N3.01 trillion. In the first quarter of 2023, Nigerian banks reportedly lost N472 million for PoS and mobile fraud, according to data from the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC).

The CBN’s soon-to-be-launched fraud-flagging feature is poised to curb the surging fraud on  PoS terminals across Nigeria. Also, it is important that regulators and financial institutions stay ahead of the curve in combating fraud.

The rapid evolution of technology necessitates constant vigilance and adaptation, which involves introducing stringent security protocols, educating consumers, and enhancing regulatory oversight to curb fraud.

No Right Is Absolute.

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Do you know that you are prohibited from playing loud music from your house if the loudness of the music will disturb the peace and tranquility of your neighbours; though it is your house and the sound system is your own? 

Do you also know that you are prohibited from parking your car in front of your gate if your packing there will obstruct the movement of your neighbours?

There are numerous other examples which you can make up by yourself but these examples point to the fact that your right to enjoy your private properties or exercising your rights is hinged on the convenience of others. This is to say that while you flex your rights you should consider the convenience of your neighbours. if your exercising such rights will inconvenience others you will be barred from it.

This is the principle laid down by the English court in the old English case of Hollywood Silver Fox Farm v Emmett Citations: [1936] 2 KB 468.

In the above-quoted case, The claimant breeds silver foxes for their fur.  The foxes are by their nature, very timid and shy animals and they can be scared easily. Biologically, when these animals are scared or disturbed, the pregnant ones will likely have a miscarriage. The defendant was a farmer and animal rights activist who owned land adjoining the claimant’s fox farm.  He objected to the carrying on of the farm and since he could not get the plaintiff to stop breeding the foxes, he asked his son to always fire his gun close to the claimant’s farm in order specifically to frighten the foxes and cause the pregnant ones to have miscarriages. It was hoped that this would cause economic harm to the fox farm and cause them to end their operation.  The foxes as expected had miscarriages and the claimant sued in private nuisance requesting an injunction to prevent this behaviour. 

The defendant argued that he was only shooting his gun within his own land which unfortunately adjourned to the plaintiff’s. He also argued that he has the right to enjoy his own land the way he likes and the right does not care if the claimant is inconvenienced by him exercising it or not. 

The court ruled contrary to the defendant’s argument that no one has “the absolute right to create noises upon his own land, because any right which the law gives him is qualified by the condition that it must not be exercised to the nuisance of his neighbours”. This is to say that the right of one to enjoy or use his property must be cautiously exercised so as not to inconvenience others, especially his neighbours. 

This is supportive of the law principle that no right is absolute even the right for you to possess and enjoy your property is not absolute. It must be exercised cautiously so as not to subject others to inconveniences which may arise from you enjoying the property. This is to say that where you right stop another person’s own begins. 

Understanding Why China, Saudi Arabia, etc Do Not Fully Float Currency

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Question: “You did not support the floating of Naira. But the floating is designed to make Nigeria make things locally by closing the gap between the official and black rates of Naira with foreign currencies like US dollar. What is wrong with that?”

My Response: The irony is that you could have done all those without the float!  We need to understand that even China does not fully float the Yuan for an opposite reason (if it floats, the currency will become stronger which it does not want since it is export-dependent. If you have things to export, a weaker currency helps you). What China does is to artificially track the US dollars, and with the funds it has in global reserves, it has been able to achieve that.

Unless you are fully advanced with “international currencies” like the USD, UK, Euro, Yen, etc, OR you generate so much foreign reserves like Russia’s rubles before the Ukraine war,  floating is very risky. In Saudi Arabia, for decades, they did not bother: they simply pegged their currency to USD dollar, with no float, and they have had the foreign reserves to defend that status

Floating has limited values for most countries. The biggest risk in such economies is not the variation between official and black market rates, but the instability in the exchange rate. In other words, that official rate is N415/$ and black rate is N550/$ is a smaller problem compared with weekly gyrations of the currency.

I used to write a lot on currency;  I earned a doctoral degree in banking/finance with focus on international markets and global currency as a banker. I played a core role in advising the African Union  to modulate on a single currency a decade ago via many lead papers and briefs https://base.afrique-gouvernance.net/docs/volume_21.pdf .

I had argued that welfare loss was evident in the model as the heterogeneous nature of Africa’s economy will make it nearly impossible for any supranational bank to deliver value across the continent in a fair way. Today, national central banks have tools to adjust as they want; under a single continental policy, most of those tools will disappear, making what happens in Nigeria to affect Togo, Benin Republic, etc whether they like it or not.

More so, the decades-long monetary union in the CEMAC union did not make that area economically better, and if that is the case, what magic would a single currency deliver? Currency union cannot do what industrialization policy could not deliver.

On Nigeria’s policy, I took just 30 minutes to do basic modeling and extrapolated for 12 months, and concluded that floating would cause “severe economic perturbations in the economy”. Right there, you could see welfare losses! I have always argued for our policymakers to publish briefs as they make policies. If they do, things will improve because all of us can help improve models for better outcomes.

For decades, no one understands how we make policies in Nigeria because no one publishes briefs or working papers which our university professors could challenge, refine, etc to advance the nation. We must change that playbook in the nation.

A Review of Forex Predictions After Months of Floating of the Naira

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1. Nigeria floats its currency.

My response: “Nigeria’s floating of its currency, while progressive, will cause severe perturbations in the economy – and a stable state may not come as most experts have predicted” – Ndubuisi Ekekwe, June 2023

2. JP Morgan projects that Naira will settle at N600/$ post-float.

My response: ‘“My perspective: I think JP Morgan may need to review. Whether you float, swim or fly Naira, Naira can only survive if the economy is productive with capacity to produce things (digital, physical, service, etc) to reposition the nation’s balance of payment and trade.”’ – Ndubuisi Ekekwe, June 2023

Can these people pay attention to village boys and girls as they work to fix Naira which has hit an excess of N1400/$? We were lone dissenters to the broad general positive consensus on Naira floating. Of course, I would be happier if We The People here were wrong! Do they read us? Village boys and girls do have things to contribute!

Comment on Feed:

Comment 1: Our country is in need of a major reset, if we can’t earn USD to sustain our dependence on the consumption of foreign goods and services and we can’t switch to the consumption of locally available goods and services, let the naira remain floating to help us with the difficult but necessary reset.

In my view, no policy has exposed the failure of the Nigerian elites more than the policy on the floating of the naira. We need to start the unavoidable shift to the local transformation of locally available resources to create the goods and services for local consumption and export. We need to start growing cotton and start converting same to the textile that we need without any excuses. We need to sustain the refining of our crude oil to start producing the petrol and diesel that we use.

If we can’t grow wheat, we need to start baking and consuming Cassava bread.
The Nigerian elites must take the lead in the redesign of the Nigerian economy.
Let the naira remain floating to help us with making that critical but necessary mindset switch.

According to Newton’s law of inertia, the condition that we have been accustomed to for decades will not change without a force, that force is the floating of the naira.
Let the naira keep floating.

My Response: The irony is that you could have done all those without the float!  We need to understand that even China does not float the Yuan for an opposite reason (if it floats, the currency will become stronger which it does not want since it is export-dependent). What China does is to artificially track the US dollars and with the funds it has, and it achieves that. 

Unless you are fully advanced with “international currencies” like the USD, UK, Euro, Yen, etc, OR you generate so much foreign reserves like rubles (Russia before war) floating is very risky. In Saudi Arabia, for decades, they did not bother: they pegged their currency to USD dollar, no float.

Floating had limited values for most countries. The biggest risk in such economies is not the variation between official and black market rates, but the instability in the exchange rate. I earned a doctoral degree in this space with focus on international markets and global currency as a banker. I played a core role pushing the African Union out of a single currency a decade ago in many lead papers https://base.afrique-gouvernance.net/docs/volume_21.pdf . If you look at the data, what Nigeria did was not smart on this floating.