Most of the focus by companies and organizations when making investment decisions are based on the consumption economy which targets existing consumers that have the capacity to purchase products available in the market. Innovations such as those which sustain existing product innovations and those which improve efficiency such as those of the Fourth Industrial Revolution like Robotics, Internet of Things, etc, do not create new markets or enhance prosperity as they don’t create new jobs, rather they eliminate the need for some of them.
But immense opportunities for wealth creation exist in the non-consumption economy which focuses on why potential consumers cannot purchase and use products or services. Four barriers are responsible for consumers not consuming products which will enhance their progress. They include not having the skills necessary to consume existing products available in the market, lack of purchasing power to afford the existing solutions in the market, inaccessibility of existing products to reach potential consumers, and time constraints which prevents non-consumers from benefiting from using available solutions.
Nonconsumption is the inability of an entity (person or organization) to purchase and use (consume) a product or service required to fulfill an important Job to Be Done. This inability to purchase can arise from the product’s cost, inconvenience and complexity, along with a host of other factors—none of which tend to be limitations for the rich, skilled, and powerful in society. For its part, a Job to Be Done arises when an entity is struggling to make progress in a particular circumstance, such as when someone gets sick and tries to recover. If there are not adequate facilities that can aid their speedy recovery, then that person is a non-consumer of basic health services.
Customer dissatisfaction from consumption of existing products or services is another key determinant in why people will prefer to remain as non-consumers. An understanding of what your product or service will do to the customers who are purchasing it is essential in determining whether your innovation will succeed in the marketplace.
More than 85 percent of Kenyans didn’t have access to financial services before the introduction of Safaricom’s MPESA mobile money platform which enables the storage, transfer and saving money without owning a bank account. MPESA has enabled more than 22 million Kenyans to perform financial transactions and access loans as well as insurance. It processes about $4.5 billion in monthly transactions and has created jobs for more than forty thousand agents.
Alibaba knew that the culture of its Chinese consumption market was different from the West where Amazon was dominant. It decided to create a niche that would allow merchants of Chinese products to sell directly to potential consumers which resulted in jobs for ten million small business owners and billions of dollars in revenues.
Emerging market economies such as Africa, Middle East and Asia have immense potentials for savvy entrepreneurs who target the next billion consumers at the base of the pyramid in these markets that desire products and services to help them achieve prosperity.
It is so pathetic each time I see different job seekers going helter-skelter for an invitation that only requires the service of just few hands. These job seekers spend thousands of Naira daily on transportation especially in a highly dense state like Lagos where transport fare hike is ever increasing. The state of the Nigerian economy is not helping matter either; this further buttresses the point why “Job Seekers” should put their destiny in their hands.
As the popular saying goes: “Your wealth is in your hands”
Recently, I went to connect with an old colleague at a popular outsourcing firm in the Lagos metropolis, what I saw struck my nerve. The army of job seekers trooping in and going out was like a hit back to back.
These sets of graduate cuts across all major disciplines in the universities and as well major grades like First Class, Second Class Upper, and Second Class Lower. I couldn’t help but wept inside, and asked myself this, “Is this the true purpose of our tertiary education?” Well, my answer is NO; it wasn’t, because I believe education is light.
Oh you Nigerian Graduates, this is the time to wake up from your dreamland as the tide of things has changed. Technology has taken over. Don’t be deceived by your certificate because it’s a means to an end, and not the end itself. Awaking the spirit of “I can do it” in you. Take your destiny into your hands. Face your worst fear and conquer it for good. You aren’t meant to attend universities, paid high tuition fees and afterwards be a slave to jobs whose income can barely feed you for the month.
We have surge of unemployed graduates littering every nooks and crannies of Nigeria right now. This is no joke. In fact, it’s surging daily with new sets of fresh graduates completing the NYSC coming into the already saturated job search market, and guess what? The universities keeps admitting more potential graduates yearly.
Proposed Solution
The major solution to the unemployment chaos bedeviling our country is to look inwards and be REALISTIC about life. We are in the era of Information Technology where you can learn so many high paying skills and be living comfortable with such SKILLS for life. Yes, I repeat for life. A kind of skill that can generate you at least 6 figures monthly.
What skills are they? They are digital skills itemized below:
Social Media Marketing
Copywriting
Market Research Reports Writing
Leads Generation for Companies
Amazon Kindle Book Publishing
Graphic and Book Cover designs
Freelance ghostwriting
Audio Transcription
3D Animation
Software Design and Mobile App Development
How to Learn About These Hot Skills
Make a research with your internet; make your findings of the skill that you love doing. For instance, I’m great in Copywriting and Market Research report; hence I went for them and learn it through some paid platforms like Alison and Coursera.
If you do not have resources to pay for these sites, you can still learn; go to YouTube and learn as much digital skills as you can. Believe me YouTube has all your answers to digital learning skills. We’re in the internet age where soft digital skills rule the world. Don’t die in servitude all in the name of I’m a “graduate” cliché. The truth is jobs are scarce now! Take your charge of your destiny and build it to your own world. The ball is in your court today.
People usually feel dismayed each time I tell them I don’t watch Nigerian movies. Nollywood fans are always quick to judge and attack me before they hear my reasons. Some people say I don’t appreciate what is ours. Others believe I want to copy the western culture. And then there are those that can’t really say why they judge me. But the truth is, I don’t watch Nigerian movies because my children don’t watch them. I watch movies with my children so I watch what they watch (now ‘watch’ is everywhere).
Someone once told me that Nigerian movies portray our customs and traditions, which we have to hand down to our children and our children’s children. I don’t debate this at all. But are those aspects of our culture and tradition portrayed by these movies what our children need to learn about before they turn 18? I hope someone has a good answer to this.
Someone else told me that Nigerian movies are good because they will teach our children that people are bad. Or should I say, “The world is bad”? This one got me. I protect my young ones without telling them that there are bad people around. They will learn this when the time is right. Besides, I don’t want my children to say “No, thank you” because they believe that the old woman that offered them treats is a witch, or that the gift has been poisoned or bewitched. Worst of all, I don’t want my children to believe that another human being holds and manipulates their destiny. Let them grow up in their innocence, make their mistakes as they work towards their independence and then learn from life experiences, without looking for who to blame.
Another person told me that Nigerian movies teach people about our societies and how they operate – especially on the virtues of hard work, critical thinking, honesty and other ones that Nigerian culture is known for. This is so true and that is why I’m writing this article.
Now, the main reason I don’t watch Nigerian movies is because my children watch movies made for people of their age, which Nollywood is yet to go into. Yes, Nollywood produces only adult movies. This is one of the reasons some parents keep televisions in their bedrooms so they can watch African Magic and another television in the sitting room for the children to watch Cartoon Network and other channels that have kiddies’ programmes. These children’s movies are non-African, or rather non-Nigerian, which could have an adverse effect in the long run.
One major disadvantage of our children watching only the movies made by other countries is that they are learning the cultures and traditions of others. Not that I am against this, but we also need them to learn about us. Today, instead of our children learning about the cunning tortoise and the price he pays for his lies, they are learning about ogres that fall in love with princesses; instead of our children learning about the different ethnic groups in Nigeria and their past and present heroes, they are learning about Metro City and Gotham City and their superheroes; and instead of learning about Ojadiri that was a good wrestler, they are learning about Spiderman that can crawl on the walls (mothers will always remember the apprehension that comes whenever their children start playing ‘Spiderman’). Ok, my children love Spiderman and the members of the Justice League (told you I watch movies with them) so I am not against Hollywood kiddies’ movies. But, I want more.
This call is for graphic artists, script writers, hi-tech experts and any other person interested in this – WE NEED NIGERIAN CARTOON NETWORK. We need our children to be considered by the Nigerian movie industry. We are getting tired of the 18+ movies everywhere. We need Naija cartoons with Naija flavours. Our children also need to learn about their societies through our local kiddies’ movies. I personally want to see Nigerian cartoon movies in the market.
This is quite achievable if only the right people will come together to pull it off. Nigeria has a lot of graduates in Fine and Applied Arts, Theatre Arts, English, Computer Science, Computer Engineering and so many other fields that can work together to make this dream a reality. There are also a lot of non-graduates that are talented in 2D graphics – I see a lot of them in art shops on the streets. These people should be encouraged to make this dream a reality. They can go for further trainings to fully equip themselves before venturing into this new area. There are so many online courses – some of them free – on cartoon animation. I stumbled upon one in Udemy, and another one in Cousera. Those interested should look up these courses and other trainings and go into this virgin and ripe area in Nigerian movie industry. Let’s, for now, stop thinking about the unemployment rate in Nigeria and start finding those untapped areas. Let our talents, trainings and aspirations be put to work.
I believe that when African Magic Junior and Naija Cartoon Network come on air, I will start watching Nigerian movies.
Though I have written a couple of times about investing in the equity market, I understand quite well that the dynamics and volatility that drive the ecosystem of stockbroking won’t allow everyone to benefit from the promises it offers. To make up for this inherent limitations, and still help you to grow your wealth, in the following paragraphs, I will be examining “safe” and “less risky” investment opportunities an average Nigerian can leverage to grow wealth no matter how much you have to start with.
Mutual Funds
Many people do not know there is a stress-free way of growing wealth, a mutual fund offers such itch-free, secure and reliable opportunity. Mutual funds are investment vehicles managed by professionals trained to do so. Currently, an average fund in Nigeria returns over 10% per year, the implication of that is when you invest say N200,000, you will expect to cash out more than N220, 000 at the end of a 1-year cycle. When you factor in the principle of compounding, you will realize that 10% yearly is a lot in return.
How much can you start Mutual Fund with?
You can start with as little as N5,000. A lot of fund managers now receive that low as minimum capital. Currently, we have ARM, Cowrywise, StanbicIBTC, and more investment houses playing in this space. Reach out to anyone or more of them to make adequate enquiry about modalities and return.
Treasury bills
Treasury bills (TB) are a way of investing in government activities. Because the government is not rich enough, it tends to always borrow money both domestically and internationally. One of the ways it pursues its domestic borrowing is via TB.
How do TB works?
Unlike any other investment vehicles, TB is one investment vehicle that pays you your interest (return) upfront from day one of your investment. That is, if you invested N1m and the interest is 10%, on day zero of your investment, you will receive N100k as your interest, implicitly, you are only dropping N900k on day zero. On the expiration of the investment, you get your N1m investment back. Don’t worry it’s not that complicated. Good to mention as well is that this investment is regarded as risk free, in other words, it is one thing you can invest in and you can be sure you will get both your interest and capital.
How can you invest in TB?
So far, I-invest App by Sterling Bank is one Fintech solution that has been able to efficiently democratize access to TB investment. You can download it and start using it. You should note that TB on I-invest requires a minimum of N100k as a starting capital. Yes, N100k as minimum.
AgricTech Crowdsourcing Platforms
The rise of technology entrepreneurs has further increased investment opportunities available for an average Nigerian.
Crowdsourcing is a way of aggregating funds from different sources on a micro-scale, targeted towards investment on a much bigger scale than what individual micro fund would have been able to do.
What AgricTech entrepreneurs are currently doing is investing massively in Nigeria agriculture value chain, but these investment opportunities are opened to you and me via their different platforms. Currently, on top of my head, I can mention FarmCrowdy, Farmfunded and ThiveAgric as few of those avenues.
Risk and Return
While so far no one has reported any issue of nonpayment of capital and interest of the invested sum in any of these platforms, the risk of such exists. Please read all terms and conditions before investing and understand what you are putting your money into.
On the flip of the return, it’s probably the juiciest you can find in the market, currently returning sometimes up-to 30% per year on your investment. When you couple this with the fact that there’s not been any default news so far since the creation of the ecosystem, it’s a good thing.
Real Estate
There’s has been some crowdfunding opportunities in this space as well and return can be great if well managed. However, unlike all the above that I’ve talked about whose return can be realized within a 1-year cycle, real estate does not follow the antecedent. Yes, it takes more than a year to realize the value of an investment, but can worth it in the end.
I’m not so familiar with this space, but I’ve had discussions with players in the ecosystem. I caution that for anything you are putting your money into, you must conduct your due diligence yourself, don’t rely on what someone told you.
I have written so far on things you can invest in to grow your wealth, now go and do likewise. Save, invest and grow your net worth.
“But remember this, the sun that shines today is the sun that shone when thy father was born, and will still be shining when thy last grand child shall pass into the darkness”. (The Richest Man in Babylon, 2007:16). Paraphrasing, ‘the hardship corps members suffer today is the same their predecessors suffered, and will still be there when new corps members are deployed’.
Trained to serve ‘in the sun or in the rain’; and in the course of eleven months, our young and educated citizens are mandated to build a virile nation, and at the same time are buffeted by the need to survive some strange terrain and circumstances – chiefly economic.
As a victim of this circumstance, serving in one of the most rural communities in Nigeria, I will briefly share my experience which will serve as my reason for recommending the establishment of Consumer Cooperative Stores, CCS, in all the seven hundred and seventy-four local government areas (774) of the country for corps members especially for those serving in areas of high level of poverty and little or no access to basic social amenities.
Like every young and patriotic Nigerian graduate, I got the clarion call, and with gusto I responded to the voice of Fatherland to serve in Kurmi ( a Hausa word for forest or bush ) in present day Taraba State located in northeast Nigeria. Kurmi is one of the sixteen (16) local governments in the state. It boarders Cameroon to the south and has a landmass of 4,354km². Just for emphasis, Lagos state is 777km² smaller in size. The geography of Kurmi is abundant with mountains and rocks, valleys and huge water bodies, forests and rugged terrains. Most of the inhabitants are farmers and pastoralists. The basic social amenities we take for granted in the city were all lacking. Not a single bank, no tarred road, no electricity, no pipe born water, no standard restaurant, climbed hills and mountains for phone network. During my service year, 2014/2015, we numbered 130 corps members in the entire local government.
By all standard, city life is expensive vis-à-vis rural life. But on the contrary, the reverse is the case for corps members serving in least developed communities, partly, due to the huge cost of providing city luxuries to rustics; the incentive is not juicy for businessmen. To appreciate what we went through, Table 1 below is a snippet of the cost of living for an average corps member in Kurmi.
Table 1: Prices of Necessities Across Kurmi and Lagos, 2014/’15.
Goods and Services
Quantity
Kurmi
Lagos
Difference
Sachet Water
1 bag
N200
N70
N130
Egg
1
N40
N20
N20
Trip to Bank
1 trip
N2000
N0
N2000
Recharge card
1 card
N120
N100
N20
Kerosene
1 litre
N200
N140
N60
N2,230
The distance from Baissa, the headquarter of Kurmi to Takum( a local government contiguous to Benue State, the only one that has a bank amongst a cluster of local administrations ) is 98.5km. By comparison, it roughly equals the distance between Maryland in Lagos State to Abeokuta in Ogun State. The only tarred road on our quest for monthly cash withdrawal and provision is from Sabon Gida Tukura, the last town when leaving Kurmi. The frequency of our involvement in motorbike accidents was worrisome. One time a colleague suffered a broken tibia. On one of my trips the accident I had was terrible. Cause: the bike rider was under the influence of Tramadol and slept off while riding. I suffered a broken rib with deep cuts and grazes that required stitches. To minimize risks, we pooled funds to hire a bus once a month.
You may be thinking, ‘it is normal for manufactured goods to be expensive in such a place, and local produce should compensate’. Nay! In the market place, the locals, though nice and accommodating, transacted with us under the false assumption that we had fat purses. When we asked, ‘Why is your palm oil this expensive?’ The response was always, ‘Are you not a corper? You have money. The federal, state, local governments, and your PPA all pay you.’ Trying to convince them that only the federal government paid us and our PPA gave us monthly kerosine stipend of N1,000 will not yield much. A few corps members depended on monthly subsidies via transfer payments from home.
In the light of the foregoing, and with gladness at the adoption and the implementation of my earlier proposal to the government on the need to create NYSC Farms in the six (6) geopolitical zones and start posting corps members to be productive https://guardian.ng/features/nigeria-agriculture–and-nysc. And https://m.Facebook.com/officialnysc/photos/a.9713654) I therefore use this medium to make a second recommendation to the government on the need to create the National Youth Service Cooperative Society. I am aware of the recently upward review of corps members monthly allowance from N19,800 to N30,000. I commend President Muhammadu Buhari for his empathy and swift consent to the bill. Sadly, as we all know by economic trend, soon the general price level will rise and swallow up the expected real positive effect on disposable income. This is because our productivity lags behind inflation growth. Since the wage upgrade, the polity have been debating the market value of N19,800 and N30,000 with respect to purchasing power parity, PPP: the determination of exchange rates between currencies in the long run by the amount of goods and services each can buy. Please do not think that I have digressed from my theme, I am heading somewhere. Follow me…
Using the PPP concept, I will show the basket weight of goods and services the former wage of N19,800 demanded in year 2011 when it came into force, and also, how much it can buy in 2019 just before the raise with respect to the new wage of N30,000. Please be mindful that the PPP is not limited to the comparison of the market worth of two or more currencies in a particular period, it is also used to compare the relative values of a single currency in two or more periods. See Table 2 below.
Table 2: Purchasing Power Parity of Old and New Minimum Wages for Corps Members.
Variables
2011
2019 Before
2019 After
Wage (N)
19,800
19,800
30,000
Dollar:Naira
1:150.5
1:360.6
1:360.6
Exchange ($)
132
55
83
50kg of rice (N)
7,500
15,000
15,000
% Cost of Rice
38%
76%
50%
From the table, a corps member in 2011 used 38% of her allowance to buy a bag of rice. Before the wage increase in 2019, 76% of the same allowance was used to buy a bag of rice. After the raise to N30,000, a bag of rice is valued at N15,000, that is 50% of the new wage. Thus, we can authoritatively infer that, the 26% improvement in corps members wages from N19,800 to N30,000 should be the singular reason for jubilation in the service corps. But this excitement would be considered as “money illusion” when we come to terms that the market value of N19,800 in 2011 is 63% higher than the value of N30,000 in 2019, dollar-wise. My purpose for this little analysis is to prove that the gains of the new minimum wage is unsustainable in the long run. The economic future will be harsh and can only assume a desirable form based on what policy makers do today. If they see value in my proposal, then the following gains would be reaped.
The first benefit of the ‘Corpers Consumer Cooperative’ is a direct improvement on their standard of living. Located at each local government headquarter, corps members who live far off can take advantage of their monthly Community Development Service, CDS to get provisions at whole sale prices through cash and electronic means and even benefit from credit sales. They can also borrow cash. This will eliminate the risks of traveling to a distant town for financial transaction and shopping.
Second, it will address the shortfall in the allocation of corps members to non urban settlement occasioned by requests for redeployment to places of better opportunities. The need for corps members in rejected places can be compared to the demand for technical know-how and expatriates in the construction of railway, dams and airports for the country. There is a village in Kurmi called Bente Gilead. This community has tried to get corps members posted to their community for some years without success. Finally, we gave them two. And they danced for joy. ‘At last, our children have gotten teachers!’, they exclaimed. I later visited seeking the welfare of the duo, and confirmed, truly they were the only teachers in a ramshackle school.
There are abundant opportunities for wealth lying untapped in the least developed regions of the country. When highly skilled and knowledgeable aliens from industrialized countries migrate to Nigeria, they usually command the best economic benefits because they are not at par with our indigenous labour. Nigerians who emigrate to these countries end up doing odd jobs rejected by the citizens of the host country due to labour differential. The Corpers Cooperative will be a bait and assistance to corps members to not only serve but prosper in the bush. There are portions in the NYSC Act that provides for economic tendencies. Section1 subsection 3d: to enable the Nigerian youth acquire the spirit of self reliance by encouraging them to develop skill for self-employment; subsection 3e: to contribute to the accelerated growth of the national economy; subsection 4f: that members of the service are encouraged to seek at the end of their one year service, career opportunities all over Nigeria, thus promoting the free movement of labour.
“Life consists of a number of opportunities and great opportunities do not come knocking on people’s doors. Whoever wants such opportunities should grab them when they arise for his people and for himself.” (Rashid Al-Maktoum, Mohammed. My Vision, 1st ed. Motivate Publishing, 2012 ). I guarantee you that waiting after service to seize an opportunity will be unwise. The Corpers Cooperative will assist its members with soft loans and other assistance to be gainfully employed before rounding up service and graduating into chronic unemployment that will hit 33.5% by next year, 2020. This fact was from the lips of the former Minister of Labour, Dr. Chris Ngige.
The society will create more commercial farmers, increase, and improve our exports in the long run as more fallow lands would be cultivated by corps members serving in villages. Back then I had a few colleagues that got plots of lands on which they farmed vegetables and sold on market days. They used the proceeds to cushion the high cost of living. Can you imagine the returns to scale these dudes would have had if the Corpers Cooperative had existed? They were willing to settle down in Kurmi but the allowance had stopped coming and no access to loans to specialize.
Again, a nationwide Corpers Cooperative will decelerate the geometric growth of unemployment and accelerate the arithmetic growth of employment in the economy. Because Nigeria’s employment statistics induces migraine, I will not quote much here. The average number of graduates churn out by Nigerian universities each year is said to be 500,000. The number is greater when we add foreign schooled. Out of that number, the NYSC temporarily employs 300,000 and after one year they join the over 30 million unemployed. If you are a serving, prospecting corps member, and undergraduate reading, do not be apprehensive about the future, the government has its economic hat on. The Central Bank Bank of Nigeria recently disclosed its plan to start providing loans to corps members after service. A lofty initiative! Seminal when compared to the tinkering of extending the service to two years, postponing the evil day. I strongly advice the CBN to look at the possibility of starting now by adopting the Corpers Cooperative model because ‘Opportunity is a haughty goddess who wastes no time with those who are unprepared (Clason, George S., 2007).
The Society will be a panacea to the problem of rural-urban drift and simultaneously encourage urbanization. Humans behave like ants. Wherever you drop sugar, in no time an army of ant will migrate to that location. The regions in this order of development Southwest, Southeast, South south, Northwest, North central, and Northeast attract corps members in varying numbers. If well equipped economically, they will be able to catalyze the speed at which the last three zones race to develop. They will be able to attract awareness and investment as they explore the hinterland.
NYSC logo
The final but not exhaustive benefit is that corps members would inspire the next generation through CDS. The CDS as a major tool of the Scheme is instrumental in the execution of social and infrastructural development programs in host communities. Projects are executed, traditional system, processes, and practices have been improved. But by my evaluation, the greatest CDS corps members bequeath are dreams, hopes, and faith through role modelling. Reason. During my time I realised that most of the youths in the community cannot pass external examinations like JAMB and WAEC despite several attempts. Many become parents before finishing school. The ones who dream do not go beyond the State. The most intelligent and teachable are those in JSS 1 to 2; but as they advanced through the classes their minds regress forcing them to graduate into subsistence farming, commercial motorbiking, carpenters, etc. Corps members are the change agents that can reverse this ugly trend through appropriate guidance. But they shy away from wherever they are needed due to personal need for survival. A Corpers Cooperative is needed to sustain these catalysts. Therefore, the greatest legacy for any corps member is to accept to go to the hinterlands and inspire these kids early. Let them know they can be you – an economist, a lawyer, a doctor, a pharmacist…the president.
I will draw the curtain in the next few paragraphs on the structure and operations on the envisaged Corpers Cooperative. The society will not demand much from the government’s limited resources; it’s designed to work on the principles of volunteerism, and the channeling of the existing provision of the CBN through the National Cooperative Development Fund, NCDF to the Corpers Cooperative. The structure should take the shape of the NYSC hierarchy where the National Cooperative Coordinator would be domiciled in the Office of and reports to the NYSC DG.From here, supervision flows down to zonal coords to state coords to local government inspectors and to the owners, corps members.
To kick start, each local government will provide a store in a good and safe location in its headquarter. Each state will provide a state warehouse where provisions would be temporarily stored before distribution to individual local governments. There will be six warehouses in each zone to supply the states in the respective regions; and a very large warehouse in Abuja to supply the regions in cases of emergencies. Each store will stock only essential commodities and offer financial services and investment opportunities like shares for corps members to become owners. Initial endowment to be provided through a presidential luncheon where good spirited enterprises, philanthropists and citizens, the CBN and concerned public enterprises. Major logistics companies will volunteer once a month to move the goods from point A to B. The NNPC will provide free fuel to vehicles conveying the society’s goods, and security will be provided for consignments.
Each store is to operate like a standard retail store selling to all categories of customers with preference to corps members in the areas of credit sales but not free goods, etc. The monies realized from the initial stock endowment will be used for replenishment and reinvestment.
At this point, I guess my proposal rings a bell about the Nigerian National Supply Company, NNSC, a monopoly buyer in the 1980s and how it failed. It was established to stabilize prices of essential commodities to the man on the street. Its failure was on the account of interference with market forces and corruption of its officials. This should not make one sceptical about the feasibility and viability of this proposal.More about it, see Ewa and Udu ed. New Systems Economics 11th ed African FIRST Publishers Limited, 2005.
The Corpers Cooperative will not toe the part of the NNSC because it is different in scope and operation, and also, it would be handled by one of the most disciplined and least corrupt institutions in the country, the NYSC. On a final note, my motivation for proposing the Corpers Cooperative is born out of the economic, social and physical challenges we faced and are still facing in hinterland of the country. Since I could not achieve this in Kurmi, I humbly disclose it to the government through the NYSC. I hope the government sees value in it.
